Editing Alter-Globalism (section)

==Variants==
===[[File:Ecoglob.png]] Environmental Globalization===
'''Environmental Globalization''' is a form of globalization that supports and encourages international cooperation to protect the planet and the environment, and combat ecocide, pollution and climate change.


=== '''Bertinottism''' ===
Fausto Bertinotti is an Italian politician, trade unionist, and activist who served as the leader of the Communist Refoundation Party (Partito della Rifondazione Comunista, PRC) from 1994 to 2006 and as President of the Italian Chamber of Deputies from 2006 to 2008. Born in Milan in 1940, Bertinotti became involved in labor activism during the 1960s and 1970s, participating in the Italian left’s extra-parliamentary movements and working closely with trade unions, particularly the Italian General Confederation of Labour (CGIL). His early engagement in grassroots labor struggle and socialist intellectual circles established his reputation as a radical leftist committed to both workers’ rights and broader social reform.

Bertinottism, the ideological current associated with him, merges elements of Marxist theory with pragmatic activism. Influenced by [[File:Althusser.png]]Althusserian structuralist Marxism and [[File:Gramsci.png]]Gramscian ideas on cultural hegemony, Bertinotti emphasized the importance of both political organization and cultural transformation. While critical of [[File:AntiNeoLib.png]]neoliberalism and [[File:Anticap.png]]global capitalism, he also rejected [[File:Antimaterialism.png]]materialist reductionism, arguing that social and cultural factors are essential in shaping class consciousness. His thought incorporates [[File:Christsoc.png]]Christian socialism and [[File:Christath.png]]Christian atheism, reflecting a nuanced engagement with ethical and spiritual dimensions alongside socialist praxis.

Throughout his political career, Bertinotti promoted [[File:Compop.png]]left-wing populism, advocating policies that addressed economic inequality, labor rights, and social justice. He supported [[File:Keynes.png]]Keynesian economic principles as a tool to regulate markets and expand public welfare, while simultaneously critiquing neoliberal austerity and privatization policies in Italy and across Europe. His leadership within the PRC also emphasized [[File:Synd.png]]syndicalist collaboration and engagement with labor unions, situating organized labor at the core of political mobilization.

Bertinotti’s later work reflects a turn toward [[File:EvolutionarySoc.png]]liberal Marxism, particularly since the 2010s, integrating democratic pluralism and institutional strategy with traditional socialist commitments. Though sometimes accused of “[[File:Champagne_Socialism.png]]champagne socialism” by critics for perceived elitism, Bertinotti maintained an emphasis on grassroots organization, ethical governance, and [[File:Pac.png]]pacifist principles. He consistently positioned himself against fascism, authoritarianism, and militarism, linking [[File:Antifa.png]]anti-fascism with broader struggles for social equity and participatory democracy.

=== [[File:AlterInternationalism.png]] '''Bovéism''' ===
José Bové is a French farmer, trade unionist, and political activist renowned for his advocacy of agrarian and environmental causes. Born in Talence, France, in 1953, Bové became engaged in rural activism during the 1970s, particularly focusing on defending small-scale farming and opposing industrial agriculture. His activism gained international prominence in the 1990s, when he led high-profile campaigns against genetically modified crops, McDonald’s expansion in France, and global trade agreements perceived as threatening local agricultural economies.


Bovéism, the ideological framework associated with his thought and activism, blends [[File:AnAg.png]]agrarian anarchism, [[File:Libsoc.png]]libertarian socialism, and [[File:Ecosoc.png]]eco-socialism. Central to his philosophy is the defense of rural communities and peasant autonomy, often expressed through direct action against corporate or state actors. He has advocated decentralized, cooperative models of governance in agriculture and society more broadly, emphasizing [[File:Demcon.png]]democratic confederalism and [[File:Auton.png]]autonomist practices that prioritize local self-determination over centralized authority.


Politically, Bové has combined [[File:AnSynd.png]]anarcho-syndicalist principles with [[File:Anpacf.png]]pacifist tactics, drawing on a broader tradition of [[File:Ancom.png]]anarcho-communism and [[File:Libsoc.png]]libertarian socialism. He has consistently rejected hierarchical structures that concentrate economic or political power, arguing instead for participatory, horizontal decision-making. This perspective has informed his support for [[File:Aneco.png]]eco-anarchism and environmentally sustainable agricultural practices, positioning environmental stewardship as inseparable from social and economic justice.


Bové has also taken clear positions on international political issues, including opposition to [[File:Antizion.png]]Zionism as part of a critique of state-centered nationalism and globalized economic structures. His activism extends to anti-globalization campaigns, particularly those that challenge multinational corporations and trade regimes seen as undermining peasant livelihoods. His work has inspired similar movements across Europe and Latin America, contributing to networks of alternative internationalism grounded in ecological, social, and agrarian principles.


Throughout his career, Bové has published essays and given speeches that articulate these ideals, framing rural struggle as a lens for broader social transformation. His emphasis on grassroots organization, direct action, and sustainable economic practices situates Bové at the intersection of agrarian advocacy, ecological consciousness, and libertarian socialist politics, making it a distinctive current within contemporary European social movements.

=== [[File:OlofPalme.png]] '''Palmeism''' ===
Olof Palme was a Swedish politician and leader of the [[File:LeftSocdem-Alt.png]]Swedish Social Democratic Party who served as Prime Minister of Sweden from 1969 to 1976 and again from 1982 until his assassination in 1986. Born into an upper-middle-class family in Stockholm, Palme studied in the United States and later at Stockholm University. His early exposure to American racial segregation and global inequality shaped his political worldview. Over time, he emerged as one of the most internationally recognized figures of late twentieth-century social democracy.


Palmeism refers to the ideological orientation associated with his leadership. Domestically, it combined left-social democracy, [[File:Socialist_Reformism.png]]reformist socialism, and the expansion of the [[File:Nordsoc.png]]Nordic welfare state. Palme defended the Nordic model as a synthesis of market economics and strong redistributive policy grounded in [[File:Keynes.png]]Keynesian principles. Under his tenure, Sweden advanced policies tied to [[File:Equality.png]]egalitarianism, [[File:WPD.png]]workplace democracy, [[File:Labourism.png]]labor union influence, and comprehensive [[File:UniWelf.png]]welfare provision. His government also promoted gender equality and supported strands of [[File:SocFem.png]]socialist feminism and [[File:Menslib.png]]support for Men's Issues, framing social emancipation as integral to democratic development.


In foreign policy, Palme became known for [[File:Antiimp.png]]anti-imperialism and [[File:SocGlob.png]]internationalism. He sharply criticized the [[File:Hochi.png]]Vietnam War and apartheid in South Africa, positioning Sweden as an outspoken moral actor in global affairs. Although Sweden maintained formal [[File:NAM.png]]neutrality, Palme’s rhetoric was often described by critics as [[File:AntiAm.png]]anti-American or [[File:Anti-Atlanticism.png]]anti-Atlanticist, particularly during periods of tension with NATO powers. At the same time, he opposed Soviet authoritarianism and rejected [[File:AntiBrezhnev.png]]Brezhnev-era repression in Eastern Europe. This posture reflected a commitment to non-aligned neutrality that sought independence from both Cold War blocs.


Palme expressed solidarity with a range of national liberation and socialist movements in the Global South. He showed sympathy for figures such as [[File:Allende.png]]Salvador Allende and supported movements in [[File:Afrsoc.png]]Southern Africa, the [[File:Absoc.png]]Middle East, and Central America, including the [[File:Sandinism.png]]Sandinistas in Nicaragua and the [[File:Cball-WesternSahara.png]]Sahrawi independence movement in Western Sahara. While critical of [[File:Antizion.png]]Israeli policies at times, his government maintained an official stance supporting a negotiated resolution to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. His engagement with African, Arab, and other [[File:ThirdWorldSoc.png]]Third World socialist currents was framed as part of a broader commitment to global justice rather than ideological alignment with revolutionary regimes.


Ideologically, Palme integrated [[File:Demsocstar.png]]democratic socialism with [[File:Secular.png]]secularism, [[File:Multicult.png]]multiculturalism, and [[File:ProgSoc.png]]progressive reform. Palme defended [[File:AntiRacism.png]]anti-racism and [[File:Antifa.png]]anti-fascism as foundational democratic principles. Although critics debated whether his governance displayed [[File:Thar.png]]anti-authoritarian consistency, he consistently rejected dictatorship and emphasized parliamentary legitimacy. His support for what was termed “[[File:Swhf.png]]socialism with a human face” signaled sympathy for reformist experiments within socialist states that aimed to reconcile social ownership with political pluralism.


Palme’s assassination in 1986 marked a turning point in Swedish political history. His legacy remains contested yet influential. Palmeism endures as a reference point for a form of assertive, internationally engaged social democracy that combines welfare expansion, egalitarian reform, and outspoken moral positioning in global politics.