Editing Capitalist Communism (section)

== History ==

=== [[File:PostSoviet.png]] '''Post-Sovietism''' ===
The period following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 saw the emergence of a cluster of political figures whose governance has been retrospectively characterized as '''Post-Sovietism''', defined less as a cohesive ideology and more as a set of common governing patterns across former Soviet states. These leaders rose from the ruins of communist structures, often former apparatchiks or regional strongmen, navigating the transition from planned economies to market-based systems while consolidating personal and party power. Their political biographies typically include involvement in the late Soviet bureaucracy, engagement with early post-independence political institutions, and a gradual accumulation of centralized authority.

Policy and governance under Post-Soviet leaders reflect [[File:Authcap.png]] [[Authoritarian Capitalism]], where market mechanisms coexist with tight state control, and strategic industries remain under political patronage. Many adopted [[File:LRpop.png]] [[Populism|Fusion Populism]], blending appeals to nationalism, social protection, and anti-elite rhetoric to consolidate legitimacy, while maintaining [[File:IllibDem.png]]Illiberal Democracy, with elections and formal institutions present but often heavily manipulated. [[File:Natcon.png]] [[National Conservatism]] framed these states’ identities, emphasizing sovereignty, historical continuity, and cultural homogeneity as bulwarks against Western influence.

Economic and social structures under these administrations congregated into [[File:Oligarchy.png]]'''oligarchy''' and [[File:Socauth.png]]'''social authoritarianism''', where wealth and privilege are concentrated among politically connected elites, and social policy is deployed to maintain public compliance rather than promote egalitarian outcomes. This governance often coincided with [[File:Ultranat.png]]'''ultranationalism''', promoting aggressive national identity, militarized patriotism, and sometimes expansionist foreign policy. Post-Soviet leaders combined these approaches to stabilize transitional states while entrenching personal and institutional power, creating hybrid regimes that remain influential in contemporary discussions of authoritarian resilience and the challenges of post-communist democratization.

=== [[File:ComNeolib.png]] '''Communist Neoliberalism<ref>https://online.ucpress.edu/gp/article/1/1/12271/107349/Origins-of-China-s-Contested-Relation-with</ref>''' ===
Communist Neoliberalism is an attempt to merge communist political structures with neoliberal economic policies. It has been primarily seen in [[File:Dengf.png]]China and Vietnam since their respective market reforms. While maintaining the dominance of their ruling communist parties, these states have embraced [[File:Marketcom.png]]market-oriented mechanisms such as privatization of certain industries, foreign investment, and global trade integration, creating a hybrid system of [[File:Statecap.png]]state-controlled capitalism.

While Market Communism typically aims to preserve socialist elements with limited market participation, Communist Neoliberalism goes further by adopting [[File:Neoliberalsoc.png]]neoliberal tools—deregulation, competitive markets, and supply-side reforms—while still maintaining significant state intervention. Unlike [[File:Neoliberal-icon.png]]Western neoliberalism, which emphasizes minimal government interference, these states maintain a strong regulatory role, using [[File:Leftcorp.png]]state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and industrial policy to shape economic growth.

This model is highly controversial, with some arguing it has betrayed Marxist principles in favor of economic pragmatism, while others see it as a necessary evolution of socialism to survive in a globalized world. It has led to rapid economic development but also widening inequality and the rise of a wealthy elite, challenging traditional socialist narratives.

=== [[File:MichaelHudson.png]] '''Hudsonism''' ===
Michael Hudson is an American economist and financial historian whose work focuses on the intersections of debt, finance, and economic power. Educated at institutions including the University of Chicago and Columbia University, Hudson began his career analyzing classical economic theory and the historical development of credit systems. Over decades, he has critiqued the modern financial system, emphasizing the extraction of wealth through debt and interest payments rather than productive economic activity.

Hudson’s analysis is strongly critical of modern [[File:Antibank.png]]banking practices by challenging the dominant role of speculative finance over productive investment. He rejects [[File:AntiNeoclassical.png]]'''neoclassical economics''', arguing that its models obscure real-world wealth extraction and the social consequences of debt. His work draws heavily on [[File:Ormarxf.png]]'''Marxist frameworks''', particularly the critique of capital accumulation, while also sympathizing with [[File:Neo-Wolffism.png]]'''Neo-Marxist interpretations''', including Wolffian perspectives on worker control and socialized wealth.

He also engages with [[File:Ricardosoc.png]]'''Ricardian socialism''' and [[File:Georgist.png]]'''Georgism''', advocating that economic rents—particularly those derived from land and natural resources—should be redirected toward public benefit rather than private gain. Hudson incorporates [[File:Native.png]]'''indigenism''', emphasizing the economic rights of indigenous peoples and the consequences of colonial and financial expropriation on traditional economies. His work intersects with [[File:Protect.png]]'''protectionist and''' [[File:Newkeynes.png]]'''Keynesian ideas''', including sympathetic engagement with Krugmanian critiques of austerity and financial orthodoxy, reflecting his broader commitment to reshaping economic policy to prioritize social equity over private accumulation.