Editing Anti-Authoritarianism (section)

=== [[File:Cball-China.png]] [[File:MaoHair.png]][[File:ZhouEnlai.png]][[File:JiangQing.png]][[File:RedGuard.png]][[File:HuaGuofeng.png]][[File:DengXiaoping.png]][[File:LiPeng2.png]][[File:Jiang Tze-min.png]][[File:ThreeRepresents.png]][[File:ZhuRongji.png]][[File:PLA.png]][[File:Hujintao.png]][[File:WenJiabao.png]][[File:BoXilai.png]][[File:XiJinpingThoughtf.png]][[File:PinkXi.png]][[File:ChenQuanguo.png]][[File:TerrorCapitalism.png]][[File:WangYang.png]][[File:HongKongPro-BeijingCamp.png]][[File:CarrieLam.png]][[File:Wumao.png]][[File:PolState.png]][[File:Strato.png]] China [[File:ChineseProtest.png]] [[File:JungChang.png]][[File:Huism.png]][[File:ZhaoZiyang.png]][[File:Thar.png]][[File:Liberal Democracy.png]][[File:Libertarian.png]][[File:Prog-u.png]][[File:Demsocstar.png]][[File:Plutocrat.png]][[File:3princLib.png]][[File:Cball-Tibet.png]][[File:Cball-Xinjiang.png]][[File:Islamic Democracy.png]][[File:Civlibert.png]][[File:EasternLightning.png]][[File:Falun Gong Theo.png]][[File:Cball-HongKong-BlackBauhinia.png]][[File:Cball-Taiwan.png]][[File:Necon.png]][[File:JoshuaWong.png]][[File:Altl.png]][[File:LiuXiaobo.png]][[File:GuoWengui.png]][[File:Rpop-tinfoilhat.png]][[File:LibSyndieSam.png]][[File:Gay.png]][[File:Libertarian.png]][[File:Liberalsoc.png]][[File:Ultraprogressivism.png]] ===
Since the reforms made by Deng Xiaoping that introduced State Capitalism, there have been several oppositions to later governments, that, even if authoritarianism did not get as big as that of Mao Zedong, China remained authoritarian and with freedom of expression heavily repressed. , especially in the governments of Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin and Xi Jinping. Much of the crackdown was publicized by the Western media, generating opposition outside and inside China. 

==== [[File:DengXiaoping.png]][[File:LiPeng2.png]][[File:Jiang Tze-min.png]][[File:PLA.png]][[File:PolState.png]][[File:Strato.png]] 1989 Tiananmen Square Protests and Massacre [[File:ChineseProtest.png]][[File:Liberal Democracy.png]][[File:Libertarian.png]][[File:Neconfem.png]][[File:Huism.png]][[File:Demsocstar.png]][[File:Plutocrat.png]][[File:3princ.png]][[File:Mao.png]][[File:Prog-u.png]][[File:LibSyndieSam.png]][[File:Rpop-tinfoilhat.png]][[File:Lpop-tinfoilhat.png]][[File:Liberalsoc.png]][[File:Ultraprogressivism.png]] ====
As stated before, Deng Xiaoping's government reforms diminished authoritarianism compared to Mao Zedong, yet China remained a dictatorship, taking some authoritarian measures, such as the one-child law and repression of opponents, in which many of the opponents gathered in demonstrations in 1989, being repressed with an iron fist, this event known as the Tiananmen Square massacre.

This protest and later massacre, was a series of protests organized by opponents of the Chinese government in 1989, beginning after the death of Hu Yaobang, in which students paid tribute and discussed social problems in Tiananmen Square and demanded the Seven Demands, namely:
#''Affirm Hu Yaobang's views on democracy and freedom as correct.''
#''Admit that campaigns against spiritual pollution and bourgeois liberalization were wrong.''
#''Publish information on the income of state leaders and their families.''
#''Allow private newspapers and end press censorship.''
#''Increase funding for education and increase the remuneration of intellectuals.''
#''End restrictions on demonstrations in Beijing.''
#''Provide objective coverage of students in official media.''
The Chinese police tried to persuade the protesters to withdraw, but they ended up staying, making the police use brutality, in which the images circulated. Later the protesters began to go on hunger strike to gain government attention and that it would respond after plans to welcome Mikhail Gorbachev. The strike sparked sympathy and increased protests, reaching up to 1 million Beijing residents to demonstrate. Many of the protesters were students, workers, etc., even though there were some Maoists, the majority were motivated by freedom of expression, anti-corruption, democratic reforms, economic changes (varying according to the protesters) and opposition to nepotism. In the same year, Zhao Ziyang was removed from power due to disagreements with Deng and sympathy with the protesters. Later, Li Peng hastily passed the martial law, which mobilized military personnel, which, on the 1-3, Li Peng gave permission to "use any means", being understood by some military as a justification for lethality. Then there was repression, shooting and execution of several protesters, so much so that one of the most emblematic photos was the "Tank Man", in which it was a row of tanks being stopped with a man holding a bag. There were also protests outside Beijing, which were also violently repressed. After the violence, it ended up having an influence on politics in China, so much so that it is one of the most censored topics in China, in addition to being extremely cited by many opponents outside China.

====[[File:JungChang.png]] Jung Chang====
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====[[File:LiuXiaobo.png]] Liu Xiaobo====
'''Liu Xiaobo''' was a Chinese writer, literary critic, human rights activist, philosopher and Nobel Peace Prize laureate who called for political reforms and was involved in campaigns to end communist one-party rule in China. He was arrested numerous times, and was described as China's most prominent dissident and the country's most famous political prisoner. On 26 June 2017, he was granted medical parole after being diagnosed with liver cancer; he died a few weeks later on 13 July 2017.

Liu rose to fame in 1980s Chinese literary circles with his exemplary literary critiques. He eventually became a visiting scholar at several international universities. He returned to China to support the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and was imprisoned for the first time from 1989 to 1991, again from 1995 to 1996 and yet again from 1996 to 1999 for his involvement on suspicion of inciting subversion of state power. He served as the President of the Independent Chinese PEN Center, from 2003 to 2007. He was also the president of ''Minzhu Zhongguo'' (''Democratic China'') magazine starting in the mid-1990s. On 8 December 2008, Liu was detained due to his participation with the ''Charter 08'' manifesto. He was formally arrested on 23 June 2009 on suspicion of "inciting subversion of state power". He was tried on the same charges on 23 December 2009 and sentenced to eleven years' imprisonment and two years' deprivation of political rights on 25 December 2009.

During his fourth prison term, Liu was awarded the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize for "his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China."

Liu was the first Chinese citizen to be awarded a Nobel Prize of any kind while residing in China. He was the third person to have been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize while in prison or detention, after Germany's Carl von Ossietzky (1935) and Burma's Aung San Suu Kyi (1991). He was the second person to have been denied the right to have a representative collect the Nobel Prize for him as well as the second to die in custody, with the first being Ossietzky, who died in Westend hospital in Berlin-Charlottenburg after being detained in a Nazi concentration camp. Berit Reiss-Andersen, chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, blamed the Chinese communist regime for his death and said that "Liu Xiaobo had contributed to the fraternity of peoples through his non-violent resistance against the oppressive actions of the Communist regime in China."

====[[File:Altl.png]] Ai Weiwei====
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====[[File:AgSocDem.png]] Chen Guangcheng====
Chen is a Chinese civil rights activist who has worked on human rights issues in rural areas of the People's Republic of China. Blind from an early age and self-taught in the law, Chen is frequently described as a "barefoot lawyer" who advocates for women's rights, land rights, and the welfare of the poor. In 2005, Chen gained international recognition for organising a landmark class-action lawsuit against authorities in Linyi, Shandong province, for the excessive enforcement of the one-child policy. As a result of this lawsuit, Chen was placed under house arrest from September 2005 to March 2006, with a formal arrest in June 2006. On August 24, 2006, Chen was sentenced to four years and three months for "damaging property and organising a mob to disturb traffic." He was released from prison in 2010 after serving his full sentence, but remained under house arrest or "soft detention" at his home in Dongshigu Village. Chen and his wife were reportedly beaten shortly after a human rights group released a video of their home under intense police surveillance in February 2011. In April 2012, Chen escaped his house arrest and fled to the Embassy of the United States, Beijing. After negotiations with the Chinese government, he left the embassy for medical treatment in early May 2012, and it was reported that China would consider allowing him to travel to the United States to study. On 19 May 2012, Chen, his wife, and his two children were granted U.S. visas and departed Beijing for New York City. In October 2013, Chen accepted a position with the conservative research group Witherspoon Institute, and a position at the Catholic University of America.

====[[File:SamKibGuy icon .png]]Peng Zaizhou====
Peng believes that Xi Jinping is shameless and immoral, as his election process is not democratic or fair; he also believes that Xi is ignorant and incompetent, as evidenced by the fact that Xi salutes with his left hand and often mispronounces words. In addition, he claimed that during Xi's rule, a large number of internet accounts were convicted for their words and dissidents were brutally attacked, and demanded absolute loyalty from the military and leaders at all levels in the hope of realising his dream of becoming emperor. Thus, on 13 October 2022, in broad daylight, Peng took to the Sithong Bridge in Beijing, hanging banners, burning objects and playing recordings to express his discontent with the Xi government. Here are the claims on the banner: 

''1.Don't use taxpayers' money for nucleic acid testing, use it for people's livelihoods''

''2.Don't continue closed-off management, liberalise to guarantee civil liberties''

''3.No deceiving political propaganda, but effective civic dignity''

''4.Don't resemble the repression and dictatorship during the Cultural Revolution, but a gradual political reform''

''5.No dictatorial leaders, but democratic voting''

''6.Not to be a slave under a dictator, but to be a citizen with rights and individual will''

''7.Restore the right to strike and remove the dictatorial state traitor Xi Jinping''

Peng says his pen name comes from "bears the boat" in "The water that bears the boat is the same that swallows it up", which in Chinese pronounces "Zaizhou". This name means that the people are the foundation of political parties, and they can support a party that has the popular support to make it last for a thousand years, or they can start an uprising to bring down a dictatorial party when the country is in danger and the people are in despair.

Peng was the first pro-democracy activist in China to publicly state his anti-communist stance and to launch an offline protest based on this stance. His demands were directed at institutional reform and constitutional democracy, and he openly opposed the perverse policies of the Xi government, demonstrating great courage and determination to succeed. During the protest, Peng was arrested on the spot and his life or death is not yet known. His deeds led to a wave of opposition to closed-off management within China and contributed to the Chinese blank paper revolution (see Opposition to Covid-19 pandemic restrictions)