Editing Peronism (section)

====[[File:Kirch.png]] Kirchnerism====
[[File:Kirchnerism flag.svg|thumb|220x220px|Flag of Kirchnerism]]
'''Kirchnerism''' is an economically center-left and culturally moderate to progressive ideology based on the ideological postulates of the presidencies of [[File:Kirch.png]] [[Social Democracy|Néstor Kirchner]] (2003-2007) and [[File:CFK.png]] [[Social Democracy#Social_Feminism|Cristina Kirchner]] (2007-2015), gathered in a period called the "''Década Ganada''" (Won Decade) by its supporters. It brings together [[File:Socdem.png]] [[Social Democracy|social democratic]], [[File:Soc-h.png]] [[Socialism|socialist]], [[File:Ormarxf.png]] [[Marxism|Marxist]], [[File:Argrad.png]] "radical K" (Kirchnerist radical) [[File:Kirch.png]] and [[File:Argrad.png]] Alfonsinist (of President Raúl Alfonsín) parties in a nationalist and left-wing populist movement that focuses on [[File:Socjust.png]] [[Progressivism#Social_Justice|social justice]], human rights and [[File:Prog-u.png]] [[Progressivism|progressivism]]. It also has great support from the sector of [[File:KirchMilitant.png]] [[Social Democracy#Left-Social_Democracy|"Militant Peronism"]] and from [[File:KirchMilitant.png]] [[Social Democracy#Left-Social_Democracy|"''La Cámpora''"]], an organization made in honor of [[File:TioCampora.png]] [[Social Democracy#Left-Social_Democracy|Héctor Cámpora]] that is dedicated to Kirchnerist militancy and the promotion of human rights.

It arose within the crisis of December 2001 in Argentina (a social, economic and political crisis motivated by the slogan "All of them must go!" that caused the resignation of President [[File:Argrad.png]] [[Radicalism|Fernando de la Rúa]] and triggered the rotation of the presidential power until 2003; 
included in this process 4 Peronist presidents: [[File:RamonPuerta.png]] [[National Liberalism|Ramón Puerta]], [[File:AdolfoSaa.png]] [[Nationalism|Adolfo Rodríguez Saá]], [[File:EduardoCamaño.png]] [[Nationalism|Eduardo Camaño]] and [[File:EduardoDuhalde.png]] [[Fiscal Conservatism|Eduardo Duhalde]]) with the interim presidency of [[File:EduardoDuhalde.png]] [[Fiscal Conservatism|Eduardo Duhalde]] underway, when the [[File:AntiNeoLib.png]] ''Grupo Calafate'' (Calafate Group, a group originally directed by Duhalde and coordinated by [[File:AlbertoFernandez.png]] [[Social Liberalism|Alberto Fernández]]  that brought together anti-Menemist sectors and maintained as its main objective to avoid the "re-reelection" of Menem) presented Néstor Kirchner and [[File:Moder.png]] [[Internationalism|Daniel Scioli]] as the presidential ticket, losing the first round by a simple majority of Menem. Menem, wanting to avoid a humiliating defeat predicted for the runoff, withdrew, leaving Néstor Kirchner as president. He was then succeeded by his wife, Cristina Kirchner, in two presidential terms and in a vice presidency in the government of Fernández.

Kirchnerism can be summarized in the following economic and social tenets:
*[[File:Socdem.png]] [[Social Democracy|State intervention in the economy]];
*[[File:Indust.png]] [[Industrialism|Industrialization and developmentalism]];
*Accumulation of reserves in the [[File:Central_bank.png]] [[Financialism|Central Bank]];
*Immediate payment of the external debt and the avoidance of its accumulation;
*Obtaining of twin surpluses ([https://www.infobae.com/2015/10/23/1763996-la-pesada-herencia-economica-que-deja-cristina-kirchner-pbi-estancado-mas-deuda-y-menos-reservas/ at least in theory]);
*Maintenance of the exchange rate at high levels to favor competition and exports;
*[[File:AntiNeoLib.png]] Anti-Neoliberalism (the Kirchners had a positive political relationship with Menem at first, but they turned on him later): a fervent opposition to the policies called [[File:New-Neoclassical.png]] [[Neoliberalism|"neoliberal"]] by the Kirchners, including "adjustment" measures, privatizations, shrinking of the state and cuts in public spending, liberalization of the internal and external markets, debt contraction, etc;
*[[File:Anti-Americanism.png]] Regional alignment and rejection of free trade agreements with the United States [[File:Antiwest.png]];
*Promotion of human rights through the state and organizations like the [[File:Cball-UN.png]] UN;
*[[File:Prog-u.png]] Gender and sexuality policies (although Kirchnerism was always ambivalent regarding abortion, with a sharp rejection by Néstor Kirchner and an ambiguity by Cristina Kirchner that was only broken with the approval of the Voluntary Interruption of Pregnancy Law in 2020, in the Fernández's government);
*[[File:Socjust.png]] [[Progressivism#Social_Justice|Social justice]] and a tendency to appeal to [[File:Lpop.png]] [[Left-Wing Populism|left-wing populism]].
======[[File:Kirch.png]] Kirchnerism (Néstor)====== 
Néstor Kirchner held center to center-left economic ideals and moderate progressive cultural positions, being in favor of the [[File:Gay.png]] {{PCBA|LGBTism|LGBT}} community and [[File:Fem.png]] [[Feminism|feminism]], but [[File:Antiabort.png]] opposing abortion. He proposed a more moderate social democratic system than his wife's, focusing on income recovery (doubling the middle class), favoring exports and expressing the need for [[File:Fiscon.png]] [[Fiscal Conservatism|fiscal balance]]. 

The presidency of Néstor Kirchner was characterized by a broad and constant GDP growth driven by the 2000's commodities boom together with a fiscal and commercial surplus (the "twin surpluses") and a drop in unemployment and poverty (inflation values increased, however, until the end of his term), the total cancellation of the debt contracted with the [[File:IMF.png]] IMF (which represented the 9% of the total public debt), high exportations, devaluation of the currency through the [[File:Central_bank.png]] [[Financialism|Central Bank]], increase in public services, fiscal balance, opposition to the [[File:Mediacracy.png]] [[Mediacracy|hegemonic media]] (such as Clarín and La Nación) and an active human rights policy to amend the damages and convict those responsible for the [[File:NationalReorganizationProcess.png]] [[Stratocracy|National Reorganization Process]]. With the rebounding economy that he had received after Duhalde's enormous fiscal adjustment, Néstor managed high positive indicators (mainly with [[File:3way.png]] [[Third Way|Roberto Lavagna]] as minister of economy) with [[File:MSocdem.png]] [[Social Democracy|moderate social democratic]] measures and ended his term in 2007, supporting his wife in her candidacy for the elections. He finally passed away on October 27, 2010, from a cardiac arrest.
======[[File:CFK.png]] Cristina Kirchner Thought====== 
Cristina Kirchner held center-left economic ideals and progressive cultural positions, proposing a [[File:Socdem.png]] [[Social Democracy|social democratic]] economic scheme with a [[File:Keynes.png]] [[Keynesian School|Keynesian]] and [[File:CLPop.png]] [[Left-Wing Populism|left-wing populist]] tendency that defends a greater state intervention in the market compared to Néstor's policies. She advocated the approval of [[File:AntiAntiAbortion.png]] {{PCBA|Abortionism|abortion}} as vice president and had a strong affinity for [[File:4WF.png]] [[Feminism#Fourth_Wave_Feminism|feminist movements]]; despite not considering herself a [https://www.lavoz.com.ar/politica/cristina-kirchner-dijo-que-no-era-feminista-y-una-chica-le-respondio-con-un-grito-que-le-dijo/ feminist]. She is normally referred by her initials "CFK" (Cristina Fernández de Kirchner).

[[File:CFK.png]] [[Social Democracy#Social_Feminism|Cristina Kirchner]] ran with the approval of [[File:Kirch.png]] [[Social Democracy|Néstor Kirchner]] in the 2007 elections, along with [[File:Argrad.png]] [[Radicalism|Julio Cobos]]. She won in the first round by a large margin and was elected president.
Her first period (2007-2011) was marked by the intervention in the INDEC (nucleated in the CPI sector: Consumer Price Index) by [[File:PyV.png]] [[Nationalism|Guillermo Moreno]]<ref>https://www.batimes.com.ar/news/argentina/indec-case-guillermo-moreno-sentenced-to-3-years-imprisonment-and-6-year-disqualification-from-public-office.phtml</ref>, which caused a sanction by the [[File:IMF.png]] IMF and a general nebulosity in the data added to the underestimation of inflation and the unreliable measures of GDP. It can be affirmed, even so, that Cristina's presidency maintained remarkable indicators, avoiding the 2008 crisis with the profitable commodities boom that persisted in her term: the constant decline in poverty, indigence, unemployment and foreign debt continued, the strengthening of foreign relations was achieved through an autonomist and Latin Americanist policy, and [[File:Prog-u.png]] [[Progressivism|progressive]] policies were deepened, embodied in the legalization of [[File:Gay.png]] same-sex marriage and the approval of gender identity laws. The Ministry of Economy was occupied by three different officials: the first, [[File:Argrad.png]] [[Radicalism|Martín Lousteau]], who was the author of "Resolution 125", a series of withholding tax measures that tried to capture part of the income obtained by the field with the favorable period and ended up provoking a convoluted national conflict between the agricultural sector and Kirchnerism; the second, [[File:MixEcoism.png]] [[Moderatism|Carlos Rafael Fernández]]; and the third, [[File:ProgNation.png]] [[Nationalism|Amado Boudou]], future vice president and president of ANSES (National Social Security Administration;) who was in charge of the elimination of the [[File:Gero.png]] [[Fiscal Conservatism|AFJP]] (''Administradora de Fondos de Jubilaciones y Pensiones'') (Retirement and Pension Fund Administrator), private companies that were dedicated to the administration of funds generated by contributions pensioners.

[[File:CFK.png]] [[Social Democracy#Social_Feminism|Cristina Kirchner]] then ran for the 2011 elections together with [[File:ProgNation.png]] [[Nationalism|Amado Boudou]] as vice president, being the first woman re-elected in America. Her second period (2011-2015) was characterized by an inconsistent economic growth, a notable drop in reserves, increase in foreign debt and uncontrolled inflation – which would rise to 38% and then stabilize until dropping to 26% –, restriction on the dollar and imports, the nationalization of YPF and the conflict with the [[File:AuthCorp.png]] [[Corporatocracy|vulture funds]]. With the Ministry of Economy under the tutelage of [[File:AxelKicillof.png]] [[Keynesian School#Post-Keynesianism|Axel Kicillof]], poverty data stopped being published. This attitude and the measures taken by the government developed into a general malaise that fueled the idea of a political change, which would later come with the candidacy and election of [[File:Macri.png]] [[Liberal Conservatism|Mauricio Macri]] in 2015.

After Macri's term, that left negative macroeconomic indicators and contracted high debt, [[File:CFK.png]] [[Social Democracy#Social_Feminism|Cristina Kirchner]] resolved to present herself as vice president accompanying [[File:AlbertoFernandez.png]] [[Social Liberalism|Alberto Fernández]] for the 2019 elections. They achieved a victory in the first round, and the Fernández's government began; which, in a context of the [[File:Cball-Russia.png]] Russo-Ukrainian War [[File:Cball-Ukraine.png]] and the [[File:Covidism-icon.png]] COVID-19 pandemic, failed in the management of the country and caused great damage to the economy, with inflation, unemployment, poverty and the "blue dollar" –  the one that operates outside of the State intervention – on the rise. The differences between Cristina and Alberto overflowed and multiple clashes occurred, with the vice president distancing herself from him during his presidential term.
In 2022, Cristina Kirchner was sentenced to 6 years in prison and perpetual disqualification from holding public office in the political corruption case known as [[File:Klep.png]] [[Kleptocracy|"''Causa Vialidad''"]] for fraudulent administration aggravated by presumably to have been committed to the detriment of the public administration. She, giving up the chance to be president, and qualifying the sentence as an attempt at [[File:Lpop-tinfoilhat.png]] [[Left-Wing Populism|"lawfare"]] and defamation by the [[File:Mediacracy.png]] [[Mediacracy|hegemonic media]], decided to support [[File:CentristPeronism.png]] [[Moderatism|Sergio Massa's]] candidacy for the 2023 elections; who lost again [[File:Milei.png]] [[Minarchism|Javier Milei]].