Editing Ba'athism (section)

== Variants ==

=== [[File:Izzat-douri.png]]Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order ===
The Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order (Jaysh Rijāl al-Ṭarīqa al-Naqshbandīya, JRTN) is an Iraqi insurgent organization that emerged following the 2003 United States–led invasion of Iraq. Closely associated with former Baʿathist networks and supporters of Saddam Hussein’s regime, the group combined elements of Iraqi nationalism, Sunni Islamism, and Sufi symbolism. It became one of the more organized Sunni insurgent factions operating against coalition forces and the post-2003 Iraqi government.

Ideologically, the group articulated strong [[File:AntiAm.png]]'''anti-Americanism''', positioning itself in armed opposition to U.S. military presence and political influence in Iraq. It also expressed pronounced [[File:Anti-Iran.png]]'''anti-Iranian sentiment''', framing Iran’s growing regional role and its support for Shiʿa-led political actors in Iraq as foreign interference. This orientation was paired with [[File:Anti-Shia.png]]'''anti-Shiʿism''', reflecting sectarian tensions intensified during the Iraqi civil conflict after 2006.

Although sharing a Sunni Islamist identity, the organization maintained a complex and often adversarial relationship with the Islamic State (ISIS). While tactical alignments occurred briefly during periods of anti-government mobilization, the Naqshbandi Army was largely [[File:AntiIsis.png]]'''anti-ISIS''', opposing the latter’s transnational caliphate project and extreme doctrinal rigidity. The group’s outlook was more closely tied to Iraqi territorial nationalism and [[File:PanArab.png]]'''Pan-Arabism''', rooted in Baʿathist-era narratives of Arab unity and sovereignty.

Religiously, the movement drew symbolic legitimacy from [[File:Sufism.png]]'''Sufism''', specifically the Naqshbandi order, though analysts debate the depth of its spiritual orientation versus its strategic use of Sufi identity. Its ideological synthesis is frequently described as [[File:Sunni.png]]'''Sunni Islamism''' merged with [[File:IslamNat.png]]'''Islamic nationalism''', advocating a Sunni-led Iraqi state grounded in Islamic values and Arab identity.

Organizationally, the group reflected features of [[File:Strato.png]]'''stratocracy''', with leadership structures shaped by former military officers from Saddam Hussein’s armed forces. Critics and observers have also linked elements of the broader insurgent milieu to practices resembling [[File:Klep.png]]'''kleptocracy''', particularly in areas where armed factions controlled local resources or taxation networks.

The group also represented [[File:IraqiNazbol-icon.png]]'''National Bolshevism''' which represented Ba'athist influence.

The Naqshbandi Army thus represents a hybrid formation: part former regime network, part nationalist insurgency, and part Islamist movement. Its trajectory illustrates the intersection of sectarian politics, post-occupation resistance, and competing visions of Iraqi sovereignty in the aftermath of regime change.