Editing National Bolshevism (section)

===[[File:WhiteCommie.png]] Woltmannism===
'''Ludwig Woltmann''' was originally a physician, who later came to embrace anthropology, and in the process conjured a blend of [[File:Kant.png]] {{PHB|Kantianism|Kantian}} philosophy, [[File:Ormarxf.png]] [[Marxism]], and [[File:DeGobineau.png]] [[Reactionaryism|Arthur de Gobineau]]’s racial hierarchy from Inequality of The Human Races. He aligned himself with the Social Democratic Party (SPD), speaking at its 1899 Hannover congress, and explicitly sought to integrate Darwinian evolution into socialism, arguing in Die Darwinsche Theorie und der Sozialismus (1899) that ''"Socialism must be brought into closer relationship with the teaching of natural evolution than has hitherto been the case."'' Woltmann viewed Marx and Engels' framework as incomplete without biological underpinnings, drawing on their own documented racial prejudices, such as Engels' 1849 dismissal of Slavs as "non-historic peoples" destined for the "dung-heap of history" and Marx's portrayal of Eastern Europeans as stagnant "barbarians" in The Eastern Question (1853–1856), to argue that these were not aberrations but implicit recognitions of racial dynamics in historical dialectics. He amplified these leanings into a systematic theory, positing that true revolutionary progress required acknowledging racial hierarchies as the biological substrate of class conflict.
Woltmann made a radically racial reorientation of dialectical materialism, transforming it into a [[File:Darwinist.png]] "racial theory of history" where biological descent, not merely economic conditions, propelled societal evolution. In Politische Anthropologie (1903), he contended that the [[File:Nordicism.png]] "Nordic" or [[File:Volk.png]] "Germanic" race possessed an innate superiority in [[File:SpiritualRacism.png]] "spiritual energy" and creative capacity, making it the [[File:Whitesupmega.png]] exclusive driver of all major cultural, scientific, and political advancements. He claimed that even non-Germanic civilizations, such as the Italian Renaissance, owed their genius to Germanic tribal infusions rather than indigenous Roman or Latin elements, as detailed in Die Germanen und die Renaissance in Italien (1905). This Nordicism, influenced by [[File:DeGobineau.png]] [[Reactionaryism|Arthur de Gobineau]]'s Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races (1853–1855) and Houston Stewart Chamberlain's The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century (1899), positioned Slavs, Latins, and other "inferior" races as evolutionary dead-ends, incapable of sustaining progress or socialism without Germanic leadership. Articles like "Marxismus und Rassentheorie" (1905) and "Die Rassen- und Klassentheorie in der Soziologie" (1905) in his journal Politisch-Anthropologische Revue explicitly fused race and class, arguing that class struggle was a manifestation of racial conflict: only the [[File:Nordicism.png]] Nordic proletariat could achieve genuine class consciousness and revolutionary agency.
Woltmann thus advocated for [[File:Ormarxf.png]] [[Marxism]]'s evolution into [[File:People'sParty.png]] "[[Racial Nationalism|racial socialism]]", a term he used interchangeably with early notions of [[File:NationalistSoc.png]] "[[Left-Wing Nationalism|national socialism]]", where socialism would be race-specific, protective, and eugenic. In this vision, the state would enforce racial hygiene to preserve Nordic dominance, subordinating or excluding "degenerate" elements (particularly Slavs, whom he implicitly targeted as counter-revolutionary ballast) to ensure the dialectical march toward communism. He rejected environmental determinism, insisting in Rassenpsychologie und Culturgeschichte (1904) that biology trumped milieu in shaping societal outcomes, and critiqued orthodox Marxists for ignoring this "scientific" imperative.