Editing Liberalism (section)

===[[File:Clib.png]] 19th Century [[File:Radlib.png]]===
<blockquote>''See: [[File:Clib.png]] [[Classical Liberalism]], [[File:Radlib.png]] [[Radicalism]], [[File:Nalib.png]] [[National Liberalism]], [[File:Georgist.png]] [[Georgism]]''</blockquote>

In the 19th century liberalism was strongly associated with the free market, laissez faire economics, opposition to absolutism and in some contexts with the national liberation struggle against the old imperialisms. 
This era also saw, in the wake of American and French ideals, the progressive collapse of despotic influence in Europe and the spread, especially after 1848, of republicanism or at least of somewhat constitutional forms of government even in very reticent countries such as Austria-Hungary and the newly formed German Empire, which however maintained, despite the liberal and popular influence on the national unification movement, a semi-absolutist, militaristic, aristocratic and illiberal tradition in the wake of [[File:Bism.png]] [[Bismarckism|Prussianism]] (however the only significative exception that will remain firmly reactionary and anti-liberal will be the Russian Empire). The English, Portuguese and Spanish monarchies liberalized a lot (not without violence in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Wars second] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlist_Wars third] case), in Italy the Risorgimento itself was the result of moderate liberal ideas while France was forced to return to monarchism after the Congress of Vienna in 1815 but became a liberal monarchy with the July Revolution of 1830, then briefly democratic republic in 1848 immediately followed by the second (authoritarian) French empire of Napoleon III until defeat at Prussian hands and the establishment in 1870 of a third republic with liberal-conservative, radical and socialist elements.
In the new world, the [[File:Hamiltonianism.png]] [[Hamiltonianism|federalist]] conservatives lost their influence and dissolved at the beginning of the century, leaving the field open to the more liberal and agrarian [[File:Jeffersondem2.png]] [[Jeffersonian Democracy]], which would then evolve into [[File:Jacksonian Democracy.png]] [[Jacksonian Democracy]] (which was opposed by the American Whigs who, unlike their British counterparts, were much more conservative and protectionist), popular especially among slave-owning Southern Democrats, rigidly linked to economic liberalism, decentralization, [[File:Pop.png]] [[Populism|anti-elitism]], white male suffrage and Strict constructionism but which was ousted from power in 1860 with the election of the moderate Republican Lincoln with his centralization programs. After the Civil War, the Bourbon Democrats strove to maintain the typical ideals of classical liberalism in the USA and above all the gold standard in opposition to bimetallism.
As the century progressed, liberals, from their revolutionary and progressive origins, were moved further and further to the right of the political spectrum due to the emergence of socialism to its left, although [[File:Tradcon.png]] [[Classical Conservatism|conservatives]] remained further to the right. In the late 19th century a more left-wing and social justice-focused strain of liberalism emerged in the British Liberal Party leading to divisions in the party between classical liberals and those who would evolve into social liberals.