Editing Pan-Nationalism (section)

====[[File:PanTurk.png]] Pan-Turkism [[File:Ottoman.png]]====
'''Pan-Turkism''' is a doctrine in states inhabited by Turkic peoples, which is based on the idea of the need for their political consolidation on the basis of ethnic, cultural and linguistic community. Formed in the second half of the 19th century, the movement began among the [[File:Cball-CrimeanTatar.png]] Turkic people in the Crimean peninsula, who initially sought to unite with the Turks of the [[File:Ottoman.png]] Ottoman Empire.

In 1804, [[File:Cball-Tatarstan.png]] Tatar [[Islamic Theocracy|theologian]] [[File:Muslim 2.png]] Ghabdennasir Qursawi wrote a treatise calling for the modernization of Islam. Qursawi was a Jadid and they encouraged critical thinking, supporting education and gender equality, and advocated tolerance for other faiths, Turkic cultural unity, and openness to Europe’s cultural legacy. The Jadid movement was founded in 1843 in [[File:Cball-Tatarstan.png]] Kazan, Russia. Its aim was a semi-secular modernization and educational reform, with a national (but not religious) identity for the Turkic peoples.

Pan-Turkism in the [[File:Cball-Russian Empire.png]] Russian Empire can also trace its roots goes back to ''Terciman'' (meaning ''Translator'' in Crimean Tatar), a [[File:Cball-CrimeanTatar.png]] Crimean Tatar newspaper which was published in 1883 in Bağçasaray (Bakhchysarai) by the all-Turkic Russian public figure, educator and publicist Ismail Gaspirali (Gasprinski). ''Terciman'' was eventually banned by the [[File:Orthlen.png]] [[Leninism|Bolsheviks]] in 1918. The first female editor and journalist among the Turkic people in Russia was Gasprinski's wife, Zukhra Akchurina. The idea of enlightenment found a response among the Crimean, Volga-Ural, Central Asian and Azerbaijani and even Russian intelligentsia and clergy.

As an ideology, Pan-Turkism was finally formed by the end of the 19th century. Pan-Turkism became one of the elements of the [[File:Ittihad.png]] [[İttihadism|Young Turk ideology]], as a result of which the Ottoman government provided assistance to various nationalist movements in Central Asia during the civil war of 1918-1921 in [[File:Cball-Russia.png]] Russia. In 1923, Turkish journalist Ziya Gökalp published the book ''Basic principles of Turkism'', which became the last and rather significant contribution to the ideology of Pan-Turkism.

After the so-called "Kemalist revolution", the ideas of Pan-Turkism were forgotten as the official ideology of the new [[File:Ottoman.png]] Turkey, since [[File:Kemal.png]] [[Kemalism|Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]] took a course towards restructuring the country in a Western style. Some revival of the Pan-Turkic ideas took place after his death in 1938.

After Turkey's accession to [[File:Necon.png]] NATO, these ideas regained relevance as a means of ideological struggle against the [[File:Cball-USSR.png]] [[Marxism–Leninism|USSR]], with the aim of tearing the republics of Central Asia and [[File:Cball-Azerbaijan.png]] Azerbaijan away from it.

The collapse of the USSR created some conditions for the restoration of the Pan-Turkic movement. Turkey was no longer the sole Turkic nation, as independent states of [[File:Cball-Azerbaijan.png]] Azerbaijan, [[File:Cball-Kazakhstan.png]] Kazakhstan, [[File:Cball-Kyrgyzstan.png]] Kyrgyzstan, [[File:Cball-Turkmenistan.png]] Turkmenistan and [[File:Cball-Uzbekistan.png]] Uzbekistan all appeared in 1991.  

In modern times, this idea is prevalent by some nationalist movements mainly in Turkey and Azerbaijan. Some Pan-Turkic movements and organizations are focusing on the economic integration of the sovereign Turkic states and hope to form an economic and political union similar to the [[File:Cball-EU.png]] [[European Federalism|European Union]].