Editing Ba'athism

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{{Quote|
quote="We did not adopt socialism out of books, abstractions, humanism, or pity, but rather out of need- for the Arab working class is the mover of history in this period."
|speaker=[[File:Aflaq.png]] [[Pan-Nationalism|Michel Aflaq]]
}}
'''Ba'athism''', also known as '''Saddamism''' or '''Assadism''' is an [[File:Authleft.png]] [[:Category:Authoritarian Left|Authleft]] to [[File:Authunity.png]] [[:Category:Authoritarian Unity|Authunity]], [[File:Cultcenter.png]] [[:Category: Cultural Center|culturally variable]] and [[File:Nation.png]] [[:Category:Nationalists|nationalist]] ideology that originated in [[File:Cball-Iraq.png]] Iraq in the 1940s, and later spread to [[File:Cball-Syria.png]] Syria in the 1960's. Ba'athism places an emphasis on the [[File:PanArab.png]] [[Pan-Nationalism|unity of the Arab world]] and [[File:Absoc.png]] [[Arab Socialism|socialism mixed with Arab values]]. Ba'athism advocates for a [[File:Vanguardism.png]] [[Leninism|party dictatorship]] [[File:Dictablanda.png]] [[Civil Libertarianism|that would preserve civil liberties]].

==History==
===Creation===
The origins of Ba'athism began with Zaki al-Arsuzi and Michel Aflaq. While Aflaq, Bitar and Arsuzi were never members of the same organization, they are considered the founders of Baathism. Arsuzi formed the Arab Baath Party in 1940 and his views influenced Aflaq, who alongside junior partner Salah al-Din al-Bitar founded the Arab Ihya Movement in 1940 that later renamed itself the Arab Baath Movement in 1943. Though Aflaq was influenced by him, Arsuzi did not cooperate with Aflaq's movement. Arsuzi suspected that the existence of the Arab Ihya Movement, which occasionally titled itself "Arab Baath", was part of an imperialist plot to prevent his influence over the Arabs by creating a movement of the same name. When Arsuzi left the League of Nationalist Action (LNA) party in 1939 after its leader died and the party had fallen into disarray, he founded the short-lived Arab National Party in 1939 and dissolved it later that year. On 29 November 1940, Arsuzi founded the Arab Baath.
===1940s===
A significant conflict and turning point in the development of Baathism occurred when Arsuzi's and Aflaq's movements sparred after the 1941 coup d'etat by Rashid Ali al-Gaylani and the Anglo-Iraqi War. Aflaq's movement supported al-Gaylani's government and the Iraqi government's war against the British and organized volunteers to go to Iraq and fight for the Iraqi government. However, Arsuzi opposed al-Gaylani's government, considering the coup to be poorly planned and a failure. At this point, Arsuzi's party lost members and support that transferred to Aflaq's movement. Subsequently, Arsuzi's direct influence in Arab politics collapsed after Vichy French authorities expelled him from Syria. The Arab Baath Movement's next major political action was its support of Lebanon's war of independence from France in 1943. The Arab Baath Movement did not solidify for years until it held its first party congress in 1947 when it merged with the Arab Socialist Party led by Akram al-Hawrani to establish the Arab Socialist Baath Party.

===[[File:Cball-Iraq.png]] Iraq [[File:Hussein.png]]===

====[[File:SaddamHussein.png]] Rise of Saddam Hussein====

[[File:SaddamHussein.png]] Saddam Hussein at the age of 20 joined the revolutionary pan-Arab [[File:Baath.png]] Ba'ath Party in [[File:Cball-Iraq.png]] Iraq, after dropping out of law school.  In 1958, a year after Saddam had joined the Ba'ath party, army officers led by General [[File:Abd_al-Karim.png]] Abd al-Karim Qasim overthrew [[File:Moncap.png]] Faisal II of Iraq in the 14 July Revolution. The Ba'ath Party was originally represented in Qasim's cabinet. The party turned against him for his refusal to join [[File:Nasser2.png]] Gamal Abdel Nasser's United Arab Republic (UAR).  Qasim created an alliance with the [[File:ML.png]] Iraqi Communist Party, which was opposed to any notion of pan-Arabism.

After participating in a failed assassination plot to kill Qasim, Saddam moved to [[File:Cball-Egypt.png]]  Egypt. On 8 February 1963, while Saddam still was in Egypt, army officers with ties to the Ba'ath Party under the leadership of Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr overthrew Qasim, marking the start of the Ramadan Revolution; A 9-month reign of terror to purge Iraq of communists, with the financial and tactical support of [[File:CIA.png]]  CIA. 

The Ba'athist regime came to a temporary end later that year in the November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état by the non-Ba’athist faction in the Iraqi government. Saddam was arrested in October 1964 and served approximately two years in prison before escaping in 1966.  The same year Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr appointed him Deputy Secretary of the Regional Command. In September 1966, Saddam proved to be an extraordinary challenge to Syrian domination of the Ba'ath Party, resulting in the Party's formalized split into two separate factions.

In July 1968, Saddam participated in a bloodless coup led by Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr in the 17 July Revolution that saw the Ba’athists regain control of Iraq. Saddam proceeded to carry out purges of Nasserists, communists, and others that didn’t adhere to Ba'athist ideals. 

The Ba’athist regime inherited an Iraq long plagued by divisions and tensions along social, ethnic, religious, and economic fault lines: Sunni versus [[File:Shia.png]] Shi'ite, Arab versus Kurd, tribal chief versus urban merchant, nomad versus peasant. The desire for stability led Saddam to pursue both massive repression of dissent and the improvement of living standards through extensive [[File:Socauth.png]] welfare [[File:Welf.png]] programs and large-scale infrastructure projects.

In 1972, Saddam oversaw the seizure of international oil interests, which, at the time, dominated the country's oil sector. A year later, world oil prices rose dramatically as a result of the 1973 energy crisis, and skyrocketing revenues enabled Saddam to further gain support from the masses through economic improvement. 
While Saddam was a staunch [[File:Anticommunism.png]]  anti-communist himself, he maintained and deepened Iraq’s already close ties to [[File:Cball-USSR.png]] the Soviet Union [[File:Brezhnev.png]]. This greatly infuriated the US which feared loss of control of the Middle East and began to covertly finance [[File:Cball-IraqiKurdistan.png]] Kurdish rebels led by [[File:KDP-icon.png]] Mustafa Barzani with the help of [[File:Pahlavi.png]] Pahlavi Iran during the Second Iraqi–Kurdish War to overthrow Saddam’s regime. The Kurds were defeated in 1975 at the hands of the Iraqi government, leading to the forcible relocation of hundreds of thousands of Kurdish civilians. 

In 1976, Saddam rose to the position of general in the Iraqi armed forces and in 1979 became the President of Iraq. Only 6 days after his accession to the presidency, Saddam initiated another large-scale purge, mass arrests, and public executions of hundreds of Ba’ath party officials he perceived to be a threat to his rule. The trials and executions were televised for everyone in the country to prevent anyone else from getting any ideas to challenge Saddam’s  [[File:Totalitarian.png]] monopoly of power.  

====[[File:Cball-Iran.png]]  Iran-Iraq War [[File:Cball-Iraq.png]]====
Following the 1979 [[File:Khom.png]] Islamic Revolution in [[File:Cball-Iran.png]]  Iran, which overthrew Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, Iran-Iraq relations dropped to a new low as the new Iranian regime’s [[File:Shia.png]] Shia Theocracy stood in contrast to Saddam’s Sunni dominated Ba’athist dictatorship that suppressed Shia clerics.  There were frequent clashes along the Iran–Iraq border throughout 1980, with Iraq publicly complaining of at least 544 incidents and Iran citing at least 797 violations of its border and airspace.

Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini openly called on Iraqis to overthrow the Ba'ath government with the intent of spreading the Islamic Revolution throughout the Middle East. Iran supported a government in exile for Iraq, the Supreme Council of the Islamic Revolution in Iraq, and recruited POWs, Shias, Kurds, and other dissidents that had been oppressed under Saddam’s regime. 

Iraq launched a full-scale invasion of Iran on 22 September 1980. The Iran-Iraq War quickly became a subject of foreign interest groups and the world’s leading nations who sought to ensure that neither Iran nor Iraq would get the upper hand in the war. Iraq's three main suppliers of weaponry during the war were [[File:Cball-USSR.png]] the Soviet Union, [[File:Cball-China.png]] China [[File:DengXiaoping.png]] and [[File:Cball-France.png]] France [[File:Gaullismicon2.png]] in addition to [[File:Cball-US.png]] the US [[File:Reagan.png]] [[File:CIA.png]], [[File:Cball-UK.png]]  UK [[File:Thatcher.png]] [[File:MI6.png]], [[File:Cball-Portugal.png]] Portugal, [[File:Cball-Germany.png]] West Germany, [[File:Cball-Saudi.png]] Saudi Arabia [[File:HouseOfSaud.png]], [[File:Cball-UAE.png]] [[File:Cball-Kuwait.png]]  the Gulf States and many other countries. Many of the aftermentioned countries supplied Iran with weapons at the same time. 

Saddam would spend much effort near the end of the war in 1988 with clearing out Kurdish resistance. The Ba’athist regime initiated the Anfal campaign a genocide of Iraqi Kurds using chemical weapons that would result in between 50,000 and 100,000 deaths.
The Iran–Iraq War was the deadliest conventional war ever fought between regular armies of developing countries with a total of over a million casualties on both sides. The war also led to the massive destruction of critical infrastructure and severe economic loss for both sides with Saddam’s regime losing almost all legitimacy and support from the Iraqi people it had gained during the past decade of economic prosperity. 

====[[File:Cball-UN.png]] [[File:GHWB.png]][[File:Clinton.png]][[File:Cball-Saudi.png]] [[File:Cball-Kuwait.png]] 1990s [[File:Hussein.png]]====
As the Iran-Iraq War had come to end in 1988, Saddam’s Iraq founds itself ridden with debt, much of it was owed to Kuwait which refused to forgive the debt at Saddam’s request. Kuwait of exceeding its OPEC quotas for oil production which kept oil revenues down for Iraq. In early 1990, Iraq accused Kuwait of stealing Iraqi petroleum through cross-border slant drilling. 

Unable to come to an agreement that would suit both parties, Saddam began to prepare Iraq for an invasion of its southern neighbor. The invasion started on 2 August 1990, marking the start of the 2nd Gulf War and within two days, most of the Kuwaiti military either being overrun or forced to flee to neighboring countries.  Immediately following the invasion, Iraq set up a puppet government known as the "Republic of Kuwait" to rule over Kuwait, eventually annexing it outright, when Saddam Hussein announced a few days later that it was the 19th province of Iraq which he partly justified by irredentist reasons. Iraqi forces proceeded to crack down mercilessly on Kuwaiti resistance to the occupation through the arrest and executions of thousands of suspects. 

The Iraqi invasion and occupation of Kuwait were unanimously condemned by all major world powers. On 3 August 1990, [[File:Cball-UN.png]] the UN Security Council passed Resolution 660 condemning the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait and demanding that Iraq unconditionally withdraw all forces deployed in Kuwait.

To manufacture public consent for war with Iraq the US government under President [[File:GHWB.png]] George H.W. Bush used the public testimony of a 15-year-old teenage girl, Nayirah (A secret member of Kuwait’s ruling al Sabah family) who testified in front the US Congress that after the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, she had witnessed Iraqi soldiers take babies out of incubators in a Kuwaiti hospital, take the incubators, and leave the babies to die.

At the start of the following year US along with a coalition of many other countries including but not limited to [[File:Cball-UK.png]] UK [[File:JohnMajor.png]], [[File:Cball-France.png]] France [[File:Cball-Egypt.png]] Egypt [[File:NDP(Egypt).png]], [[File:Cball-Saudi.png]] Saudi Arabia [[File:HouseOfSaud.png]], and [[File:Cball-Syria.png]] Syria [[File:Hafez al-Assad.png]] etc. launched a massive military assault on Iraq and Iraqi forces stationed in Kuwait. As the Coalition quickly gained the upper hand the Iraqi military set fire to 700 oil wells as part of a scorched earth policy while retreating from Kuwait in 1991. On 25 February, Kuwait was officially liberated from Iraq. 

The [[File:Clintonism.png]] Clinton Administration (1993-2001) that took office after Bush II Administration became committed to a policy of regime change to remove Saddam from power through the use of UN-enforced sanctions, and covert support for Shia and Kurdish dissident groups and during 7 years after the liberation of Kuwait, President [[File:Clinton.png]] Bill Clinton signed the Iraqi Liberation Act of 1998.

====[[File:GWB.png]][[File:Cheney.png]][[File:New Labourism.png]][[File:Cball-IraqiKurdistan.png]][[File:IslamicDawa.png]][[File:LiberalParty.png]] Iraq War [[File:Hussein.png]]====

Ok,

===[[File:Ba'athist_Syria.png]] Syria===

====[[File:SalahJadid.png]] Salah Jadid====
Salah Jadid (1924/26-1993) born near Homs and studied at its military academy. As a young man, he sympathized with the [[Saadehism|Syrian Social Nationalist Party (SSNP),]] [[File:Saadeh.png]] attracted by its nationalism and organization. [[File:Nation.png]] However, he distanced himself when he saw that the SSNP promoted a "Greater Syria" [[File:GreaterSyria.png]] rather than the Arab unity [[File:PanArab.png]] he advocated. 

At the academy, he met young officers sympathetic to Baathism [[File:Aflaq.png]] and discovered in the Baath Arab Socialist Party [[File:Baath.png]] a vision that combined Arab nationalism [[File:Arab.png]] and social justice [[File:SocialCommun.png]]. He joined the Baath in the late 1950s, and after the 1963 coup, he became a key figure in the regime, leading its leftist wing until its fall in 1970. [[File:Authleft.png]]

Then, he became a Syrian army officer and a leading figure in the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. He was one of the conspirators of the 1963 coup d'état that installed the Ba'athists in power in Syria, and in 1966 he led the [[File:Cball-Syrian Republic.png]] [[W:Syrian coup d'état|Syrian coup d'état]] [[File:Cball-Syria.png]] which become the country's supreme leader. Although he never held any head of state position, such as the presidency, he controlled the party and the state apparatus until his dismissal.

Salah Jadid's government implemented a [[State Socialism|state socialist policy]] that radically transformed Syria's political and economic structure. It introduced profound [[Agrarian Socialism|agrarian reforms that redistributed land among propertyless peasants]] [[File:Agsoc.png]]. thus breaking with the [[Traditionalism|traditional]] [[Feudalism|feudal system]] [[File:Trad.png]] [[File:Feud.png]] and seeking to empower the rural masses. [[Regulationism|Strategic and vital sectors]] such as banking, industry [[File:Indust.png]], commerce [[File:DVCommerce.png]], and transportation were nationalized and placed under state control. Private property ownership was drastically reduced, and the state promoted [[Centralism|centralized planning]] to guide economic and social development [[File:Centralism.png]].

Jadid showed strong sympathy for [[Nationalism|nationalization]] [[File:Nation.png]], promoting it as a key instrument for consolidating state power and [[Isolationism|reducing foreign influence in the Syrian economy]] [[File:Isolationist.png]]. He also promoted border closures and a protectionist policy that sought to strengthen economic independence from external powers and [[Protectionism|limit the penetration of foreign capital and products]] [[File:EconUltraNat.png]].

On the international level, Salah Jadid promoted a firm alliance with the Soviet Union [[File:ML.png]], seeking political, military, and economic support to sustain his revolutionary project. This relationship with the USSR reinforced his [[Marxism-Leninism|socialist orientation]] and his confrontation with the [[Neoconservatism|Western powers]] and the [[Islamic_Populism|"reactionary" Arab countries]].

Furthermore, the Jadid regime promoted [[State Atheism|state atheism]] [[File:StateathFedora.png]], eliminating religion from public institutions and progressively reducing the influence of Islam [[File:Muslim_2.png]] in Syrian society [[File:Ba%27athist_Syria.png]]. Education and culture were ideologically and culturally aligned with [[secularism|secularism]] [[File:Secular.png]] and [[W:Metaphysical_naturalism|scientific materialism]], in explicit rejection of religion and traditional power structures.

Unlike traditional Baathists, Jadid openly advocated [[W:Class_consciousness|class struggle as the driving force of the revolution]], identifying the [[Islamic_Populism|"reactionary Arab countries"] [[File:Jihad.png]][[File:Monarch.png]][[File:IslamCap.png]][[File:Cball-Saudi.png]][[File:Islamic_Democracy.png]]  as enemies of the true [[Arab_Socialism|Arab liberation process]]. This radical approach marked a break that the traditional Ba'athists [[File:Aflaq.png]] did not follow, thinking that Jadid was a simple [[Marxism|Communist]] rather than a Ba'athist.

In short, Salah Jadid's government sought to build a [[State_Socialism|strong, secular, socialist Arab state]] through a profound social transformation that rejected sects, tribalism, and religious influence, promoting instead national unity, social justice, and independence from imperialist powers.

He was overthrown in November 1970 by Hafez al-Assad in a coup known as the Corrective Movement. He remained in Mezzeh Prison without trial for more than 20 years. He died in 1993 at the age of 67 while still in prison. Syrian authorities [[File:Ba%27athist_Syria.png]] claimed the cause of death was septic shock, but there is no supporting documentation or independent autopsy.

====[[File:Hafez al-Assad.png]] Hafez al-Assad====
Hafez al-Assad (1930-2000) was a Syrian statesman and military officer who served as President of Ba'athist Syria from 1971 until his death in 2000. Hafez participated in the [[File:Cball-Syrian Republic.png]] [[W:1963 Syrian coup d'état|1963 Syrian coup d'état]] [[File:Cball-Syria.png]] which brought the Syrian regional branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party to power. After serving as defense minister for a few years he initiated another coup that ousted the de facto leader [[File:SalahJadid.png]] Salah Jadid and appointed himself as leader of Syria. Hafez imposed change on the Ba'ath government when he took power, by imposing [[File:Cap.png]] [[Capitalism|capitalism and limited liberalization of the economy]], thus moving the Syrian Ba'ath Party away from it's [[File:Soc-h.png]] [[Socialism|socialist]] roots. 

As President, Hafez organized state services along sectarian lines the Sunnis became the heads of political institutions, while the Alawites took control of the military, intelligence, and security apparatuses. Even though Hafez sided with the [[File:Cball-USSR.png]] [[Marxism-Leninism|Soviet Union]] in the [[W:Cold War|Cold War]] against [[File:Zio.png]] [[Zionism|Israel]], he prosecuted and repressed leftists such as supporters of [[File:SalahJadid.png]] Salah Jadid, at home. Hafez's policies indirectly led to the establishment of a "new elite" as state officials used their positions for personal gain resulting in spikes of corruption. 

From the 1970s to the early 1980s the Alawite Dynasty found its power and grip over Syria challenged by a series of revolts and armed insurgencies of Sunni Islamists, mainly members of the [[File:MuslimBrotherhood.png]] Muslim Brotherhood which aimed to overthrow the secular Ba'athist dictatorship. The Islamist uprising reached its climax in the 1982 Hama uprising and massacre, which resulted in tens of thousands casualties and was used by Hafez to eliminate dissent turning Syria into a totalitarian dictatorship

====[[File:Bashar al-Assad.png]] '''Bashar al-Assad'''====
Following the death of [[File:Hafez al-Assad.png]] Hafez al-Assad in 2000 and the succession of his son, Bashar to the presidency, political repression diminished significantly in what was known as Damascus Spring. Bashar attempted to improve relations with the West through market liberal reforms such as privatizing education, healthcare, the banking sector, and the media. However, corruption only increased, and the Syrian opposition began to organize foreign powers and decide that Assad had to go. 

The Fall of Damascus on 7-8 December 2024 by the [[File:Cball-FSA.png]] Opposition forces overthrew his regime. As a result, [[File:Bashar al-Assad.png]] Bashar al-Assad fled [[File:Cball-Syria.png]] Syria and emigrated to [[File:Cball-Russia.png]] Russia. He has supposedly now resumed his career as a doctor, albeit in Moscow.

=====Syrian Civil War=====
Due to a combination of Bashar's domestic policies and the agenda of foreign powers like the [[File:Cball-US.png]] US, [[File:Cball-Turkey.png]] Turkey, and [[File:Cball-Saudi.png]] [[File:Cball-Kuwait.png]] [[File:Cball-Qatar.png]] The Gulf States, opposition to the Assad dictatorship began to mount leading to a full-on civil war when the Syrian opposition splintered along the lines of [[File:Islamic Democracy.png]] [[Islamic Democracy|Islamic Democrats]], [[File:Muslim 2.png]] [[Islamic Theocracy|Sunni fundementalists]], [[File:Nalib.png]] [[National Liberalism|National Liberals]] and sometimes, even [[File:Jihad.png]] [[Jihadism|Jihadists]]. As time passed, within the northern region of the nation, many of the Kurdish minority, having felt neglected and ignored by the Syrian government, unified under the ideology and [[File:Demcon.png]] [[Democratic Confederalism]] and later also got involved in the war under the administration of the "autonomous region" of [[File:Rojava.png]] Rojava. The [[File:Cball-Isis.png]][[Jihadism|Islamic State]] got involved in 2013 but lost most of its territory by 2017. The [[File:Cball-FSA.png]] [[Islamic Democracy|Free]] [[National Liberalism|Syrian]] [[Islamic Theocracy|Army]] also came into existence as a loose collection of militant factions within the [[File:Islamic Democracy.png]] [[Islamic Democracy|Islamic Democrats]] without any singular unifying ideology, however, were all unified by the desire to overthrow the Syrian Ba'athists and Assad. Eventually, over time, the large-support of the opposition eventually began to die out within the population, which has led to a large amount of rebel-owned territory being lost, with many rebel factions that are currently still active in the civil war either being allied or ideologically aligned with hard-core [[File:Muslim 2.png]] [[Islamic Theocracy|Islamist fundementalists]], [[File:Jihad.png]] [[Jihadism|Jihadists]], [[File:Ottoman.png]] [[Neo-Ottomanism|Pro-Turkish Insurgents]], or having integrated themselves within the administration of [[File:Rojava.png]] [[Democratic Confederalism|Rojava]] and the SDF, with those who did the ladder tended to follow more liberal-leaning ideologies, with many factions following ideologies such as moderate Syrian Patriotism, secularism, [[File:Dem.png]] [[Democracy]], anti-racism, or even aligning with the ideology of [[File:Demcon.png]] [[Democratic Confederalism]], with certain rebel factions including but not limited to:
*[[File:Cball-FSA.png]] [[Nationalism|The Army of Revolutionaries]]
*[[File:Cball-IraqiKurdistan.png]] [[Democracy|The Kurdish Front]]
*[[File:PanTurk.png]] [[Pan-Nationalism#Pan-Turkism|The Seljuk Brigade]]
*[[File:Cball-FSA.png]] [[Democratic Confederalism|Northern Democratic Brigade]]
*[[File:Cball-FSA.png]] [[Federalism|Northern Sun Battalion]]
*[[File:Cball-FSA.png]] [[Democracy|Idlib Revolutionaries Brigade]]
*[[File:Cball-FSA.png]] [[Democracy|Jaysh al-Salam]]
*[[File:Cball-FSA.png]] [[Democracy|Euphrates Jarabulus Battalions]]
to name a few most well-known SDF-FSA groups. Assyrian SDF allied groups such as the ''Syriac Union Party'' hold their own ideology of [[File:Dawronoyeicon.png]] [[Democratic Confederalism#Dawronoye|Dawronoye]] which takes great influence from [[Democratic Confederalism]], while promoting nationalism and autonomy for indigenous Assyrians, as well as being affiliated with certain moderate opposition groups such as the [[w:National_Coordination_Committee_for_Democratic_Change|National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change]].

During the history of Assad and his rule, he has been criticized during his leadership for being ruthless in his efforts to hold onto power and suppress opposition. For example, he has been widely regarded for being responsible for numerous war crimes during the civil conflict, such as with the [[w:Ghouta_chemical_attack|Ghouta chemical attacks]] in 2013, where bombs and sarin gas were used indiscriminately in civilian populations, as well as the [[w:Khan_Shaykhun_chemical_attack|Khan Shaykhun chemical attack]] in 2017 where similar methods of bombing, airstrikes, and sarin gas were used leading to numerous civilian casualties.
 
For more information on war crimes done by the Syrian Opposition, see [[Islamic Democracy]]...

== Variants ==

=== [[File:Izzat-douri.png]]Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order ===
The Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order (Jaysh Rijāl al-Ṭarīqa al-Naqshbandīya, JRTN) is an Iraqi insurgent organization that emerged following the 2003 United States–led invasion of Iraq. Closely associated with former Baʿathist networks and supporters of Saddam Hussein’s regime, the group combined elements of Iraqi nationalism, Sunni Islamism, and Sufi symbolism. It became one of the more organized Sunni insurgent factions operating against coalition forces and the post-2003 Iraqi government.

Ideologically, the group articulated strong [[File:AntiAm.png]]'''anti-Americanism''', positioning itself in armed opposition to U.S. military presence and political influence in Iraq. It also expressed pronounced [[File:Anti-Iran.png]]'''anti-Iranian sentiment''', framing Iran’s growing regional role and its support for Shiʿa-led political actors in Iraq as foreign interference. This orientation was paired with [[File:Anti-Shia.png]]'''anti-Shiʿism''', reflecting sectarian tensions intensified during the Iraqi civil conflict after 2006.

Although sharing a Sunni Islamist identity, the organization maintained a complex and often adversarial relationship with the Islamic State (ISIS). While tactical alignments occurred briefly during periods of anti-government mobilization, the Naqshbandi Army was largely [[File:AntiIsis.png]]'''anti-ISIS''', opposing the latter’s transnational caliphate project and extreme doctrinal rigidity. The group’s outlook was more closely tied to Iraqi territorial nationalism and [[File:PanArab.png]]'''Pan-Arabism''', rooted in Baʿathist-era narratives of Arab unity and sovereignty.

Religiously, the movement drew symbolic legitimacy from [[File:Sufism.png]]'''Sufism''', specifically the Naqshbandi order, though analysts debate the depth of its spiritual orientation versus its strategic use of Sufi identity. Its ideological synthesis is frequently described as [[File:Sunni.png]]'''Sunni Islamism''' merged with [[File:IslamNat.png]]'''Islamic nationalism''', advocating a Sunni-led Iraqi state grounded in Islamic values and Arab identity.

Organizationally, the group reflected features of [[File:Strato.png]]'''stratocracy''', with leadership structures shaped by former military officers from Saddam Hussein’s armed forces. Critics and observers have also linked elements of the broader insurgent milieu to practices resembling [[File:Klep.png]]'''kleptocracy''', particularly in areas where armed factions controlled local resources or taxation networks.

The group also represented [[File:IraqiNazbol-icon.png]]'''National Bolshevism''' which represented Ba'athist influence.

The Naqshbandi Army thus represents a hybrid formation: part former regime network, part nationalist insurgency, and part Islamist movement. Its trajectory illustrates the intersection of sectarian politics, post-occupation resistance, and competing visions of Iraqi sovereignty in the aftermath of regime change.

==Beliefs==
The Arab nation is a united Arab state that would transform the Arab world politically, economically, intellectually and morally. Liberty is freedom and would be ensured by a Baath party which was not elected by the populace because the party had the common good at heart. Ba'athism likes socialism because they think it would be necessary for the Arabs to achieve an Arab state. Islam would be admired by all but not imposed on the state and society.

==Personality and Behavior==
Whenever someone goes to watch porn he pops out of nowhere and says stuff like "YOU HAVE BEEN ASSADED!!!". Anyone who says that he must go disappears, by him variant laughing. He hates non-Arabs, especially Jews and Kurds. If Neocon shows up to take him out, he hides under bricks and rubble. Tends to get high on Captagon and bombard enemies with poison gas.

==How to Draw==
{{PAGENAME}}'s design is based on the flag of the Arab Socialist Baʽath Party.
{{Flag|Ba'ath_flag.svg}}

#Draw a ball
#Fill the ball with white
#Draw the Ba‘ath Flag:
##Add a black colored horizontal stripe on top
##Add a green horizontal stripe at the bottom, making the ball an equal Black-White-Green tricolor
##Over the tricolor, add a large red triangle extending from both left corners and facing rightward with it's sharp edge, ending around a third of the flag
#Add two eyes
#Draw a black beret on the ball, with a small version of the Ba‘athist Iraq Coat of Arms
#'''(Optional)''' Give the ball a bolt-action rifle, or an AK variant (AK-74, AK-47, et cetera)
You are finished!

{{Flag-auto
|c1 = Red
|h1 = #CE1126
|c2 = Black
|h2 = #0D0D0D
|c3 = White
|h3 = #FFFFFF
|c4 = Green
|h4 = #007A3D
|c5 = Beret Black
|h5 = #1C1C1C
|c6 = Gold
|h6 = #E8CA4F}}

==Relationships==

===المؤيدون (Supporters)===
*[[File:Strato.png]] [[Stratocracy]] - Literally me!
*[[File:Statesoc.png]] [[State Socialism]] - I'm a socialist, but not the [[Marxism|Marxist]] kind. The whole idea of a stateless, moneyless society is just insane! I'm fine with nationalized oil and minerals though.
*[[File:Dengf.png]] [[Dengism]] - One of our largest and most powerful allies! He has been one of my main arms suppliers since the 1980s. <s>Why did you also arm Khomeini during the Iran-Iraq War?</s>
*[[File:XiJinpingThoughtf.png]] [[Dengism|Xi Jinping Thought]] - The successor to the above, but he supported us during the Syrian civil war as well. We expanded our economic cooperation as well.
*[[File:Juche.png]] [[Juche]] - Juche gang! Hereditary dictatorship is based! <s> Why did you too support Khomeini over me?!</s>
*[[File:WelfChauvin.png]] [[Welfare Chauvinism]] - This is the way. Let's destroy globalists and Zionists together.
*[[File:Chavismo.png]] [[Chavismo]] - My best friend in the west! Stay strong Maduro!
*[[File:Castro.png]] [[National Communism|Castroism]] - My second best friend in the west!
*[[File:Putin.png]] [[Kleptocracy|Putinism]] - Friendly pal. Both my Syrian and Iraqi sides strongly support you. I have to say, thank you very much for saving Assad from [[File:Jihad.png]] [[Jihadism|Jihadis]] and [[Neoconservatism|Neocon terrorists]]- What do you mean you can't save me now?
*[[File:Euras.png]] [[Fourth Theory]] - Down with the liberal west! [[File:Dugin.png]] Dugin is especially based.
*[[File:Rashism.png]] [[Jingoism|Rashism]] - I let you keep military and naval bases in Syria and support the Russian <s>invasion</s> special military operation in Ukraine!
*[[File:AnEn.png]] [[Climate Skepticism]] - Yes, I had to burn Kuwaiti oil and destroy the marshes, but such is the cost of uniting the Arab World.
*[[File:Totalitarian.png]] [[Totalitarianism]] - The state needs to be absolute in its authority in order to defend the Arab people!
* [[File:Nazcap-Hat.png]] [[National Capitalism]] -  Hafez found good use of Austrian Nazi-fugitive Alois Brunner who helped him with torture and interrogation techniques, and the Wagner Group came to Bashar's rescue when he needed it during the Syrian Civil War.
* [[File:Nazbol.png]] [[National Bolshevism]] - I'm the Arab version of you. Saddam and Tlass are closer to me. NAZBOL GANG!!
*[[File:Gaullismicon2.png]] [[Gaullism]] - Jaques Chirac was a good friend to both Saddam and Assad.
*[[File:Tito.png]] [[Titoism]] - I stood by your grave at your funeral longer than the others for a reason<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dvq29hDVcCY</ref>. Rest in Peace, Tito! Hope you won't mind that some of my Syrian variants like theocracy.

===مشكوك فيه (Doubtful)===
*[[File:Absoc.png]] [[Arab Socialism]] - My father. I have more radical and extreme views however he taught me a lot and we agree on many stuff. But why did you imperialize Syria? That's not what true pan-Arabists do.
*[[File:Mach.png]] [[Machiavellianism]] - Pragmatism and realpolitik is very important. But since I was overthrown, our relationship is over.
*[[File:TodorZhivkov.png]] {{PCBA|Zhivkovism}} - A great friend that’s also a socialist but stop being so friendly with the Jews and forcing the Pomaks to convert to Christianity is really cringe dammit!
*[[File:Plcn2.png]] [[Paleoconservatism]], [[File:Whitesup.png]] [[White Nationalism]], [[File:Libcon.png]] [[Libertarian Conservatism]], and [[File:Altr.png]] [[Alt-Right]] - Best right-wingers. Ron Paul, Steve Bannon, and David Duke, among others of your followers, constantly defend me from accusations made by neocucks, and also stand up against the globalist elite. However, some of you can be anti-Arab and anti-socialist at times.
*[[File:Gaddafi.png]] [[Gaddafism]] - Why did you persecute Ba'athists during the cultural revolution in Libya? Either way, you operated a lot like me. RIP Legend.
*[[File:Authcap.png]] [[Authoritarian Capitalism]] - My Iraqi side was aided by Anraat and my [[w:Economy of Syria|Syrian side]] was warming up to free-market capitalism since the 1990s. Bashar reluctantly embraced the free market in the early 2000s to appease the west. Privatized [[w: List of schools in Syria|education]] and [[w:Health in Syria|healthcare]] and legalized private banks. I prefer State Capitalism anyway.
*[[File:IllibDem.png]] [[Illiberal Democracy]] -  One party is enough but my Syrian side was forced to accept some form of <s>controlled</s> opposition in recent times to give an impression of democracy. 
*[[File:Klep.png]] [[Kleptocracy]] - <s>Literally me!</s> You were one of the main causes of the Syrian civil war. 
*[[File:Necon.png]] [[Neoconservatism]] - I hate you and you constantly try to undermine me and pit my Iraqi and Syrian sides against each other. However, we have a long history of cooperation such as when you gave the Iraqi Baath Party a kill list for communists in the wake of the Ramadan Revolution or when you gave Saddam weapons to counter Iran. Assad also participated in the CIA torture and rendition program in the early 2000s. Still, none of this is enough to stop you from invading our countries and sponsoring terrorists that support your globalist agenda.
*[[File:Antijap.png]] [[Anti-Japaneseism]] - Fellow Anti-Weeb, although I don't have anything wrong with Japanese people, but I do with your ideology.
*[[File:SyriacOrth.png]] [[State Oriental Orthodoxy|Syriac Orthodoxy]] and [[File:Muslim 2.png]] [[Islamic Theocracy]]  - Church and mosque united through <s>state control</s> love and faith, right?
*[[File:ML.png]] [[Marxism-Leninism]] - Hey, uh, I'm not too keen on the whole Communism stuff, but as an ally, you rock! You also gave me plenty of support. Together we will fight Western imperialists and Jihadists! However, my Iraqi variant banned the communist party and prosecuted its members in Iraq, I hope you won’t mind it. Also, Salah Jadid and my far-left faction is basically you.
*[[File:Khom.png]] [[Khomeinism]] - Our history is complicated. Your violent calls for exporting the revolution are worrying, hence why Saddam went to war with you and hates you. However, thanks for supporting Assad against the "moderate" rebels, ISIS terrorists, and neocons! However, I was trying to counter your influence in Syria despite you helping me out.
*[[File:Strasser.png]] [[Strasserism]] - Griffin and Third Path are allied to me, but we have radically different goals.
*[[File:Socliber.png]] [[Social Libertarianism]] - At least you oppose military intervention against me as well. Edward Snowden and Julian Assange are based as they exposed US war crimes in Iraq and Syria. Just quit being a Lolbertarian.
*[[File:Prog-u.png]] [[Progressivism]] - Why do your western followers hate me and support Rojava? I am secular, republican, anti-Zionist, and pro-feminist, with Bashar even being pro-drug. Just why can't we be friends?
*[[File:Demcon.png]] [[Democratic Confederalism]] - I support you against [[File:Jihad.png]] Daesh and [[File:Ottoman.png]] Turkey BUT YOU ARE A PART OF ME, NO INDEPENDENCE FOR YOU! Pick up a gun and join me against the rebels and I'll think about giving you autonomy. <s>Wait, why are you just standing there?</s>
*[[File:IslamCap.png]] [[Monarcho-Capitalism|Islamic Capitalism]] - Greedy Zionist-bootlicking imperialist puppet who is also the reason the Middle East is in conflict! However, MBS and MBZ are kinda based as they opposed western intervention in the Syrian Civil War and encouraged Putin to come to Bashar's rescue from the jihadists. <s>Not that it helped in the end.</s>
*[[File:Trumpism.png]] [[Right-Wing Populism|Trumpism]] - I had my hopes for you as you used to condemn military interventions but then you proceeded to bomb me! Thanks for cutting off support to the rebels, though. 
*[[File:Ecosoc.png]] [[Eco-Socialism]] - Sometimes bitched about my state capitalism (as if I care), and does not like Saddam's bad ecological record (also don't care), but Corbyn hated the Iraq war.
*[[File:Lpop.png]] [[Left-Wing Populism]], [[File:Liberalsoc.png]] [[Liberal Socialism]], [[File:Demsocstar.png]] [[Democratic Socialism]] & [[File:Socdem.png]] [[Social Democracy]] - I jailed Riad al-Turk for 20 years but had to release him during the Damascus spring to give an impression of democracy. However, your western variants agree that both the Iraq war and NATO intervention in Syria are mistakes.

===من يجب أن يذهب؟ (Who must go?)===
*[[File:Islamic Democracy.png]] [[Islamic Democracy]] - WHO MUST GO!? AHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHA!
**{{Alias|SSG.png|Islamic Democracy|[[w:2024 Syrian opposition offensives|'''You.''']]}}
**{{Alias|Baath.png|Ba'athism|I-I'm a dead ideology now?}}
*[[File:Abd al-Karim.png]] [[Left-Wing Nationalism|Qasimism]] - LMAO, get executed!
*[[File:Zio.png]] [[Zionism]] - Oppressor of Palestinian Arabs and the reason why the Middle East is in conflict. Can't Mossad the Assad! <s>Oh crap you just did.</s>
*[[File:Labzion.png]] [[Labour Zionism]] - We could have been brothers but you had to be Zionist.
*[[File:Bidenism.png]] [[Big Tent Liberalism|Bidenism]] - Stop bombing me you senile bastard!
*[[File:Macron.png]] [[Neoliberalism|Macronism]] - You too!
*[[File:Jihad.png]] [[Jihadism]] - Begone! We don't need your crimes on our land anymore! No Islamism!
*[[File:Muslim_2.png]] [[Islamic Theocracy]] - Islamism is cringe, and one of you killed my last child. I hate you so goddamn much.
*[[File:Kahan.png]] [[Kahanism]] - "Greater Israel"? In your dreams!
*[[File:Ottoman.png]] [[Neo-Ottomanism]] - Aren't you the same as the [[File:Zio.png]] above? <s>(Though we both hated the [[File:Zio.png]] above, and both of us fought against the PKK.)</s>
*[[File:Cball-Qatar.png]] [[Monarcho-Capitalism|Qatari Model]] - Even [[File:IslamCap.png]] [[Monarcho-Capitalism|your neighbors]] tried improving relations with me until I fell. But like the above you also sided with these “moderate” rebels.
*[[File:Neobert.png]] [[Neo-Libertarianism]] - Aren't you just [[File:Necon.png]] [[Neoconservatism]] again but Libertarian?
*[[File:AmericanModel 1.png]] [[American Model]] - I HAVE NO WMDs, I'M TELLING YOU!

==Gallery==
===Portraits===
<gallery>
B1DCBCEE-4382-4C71-834C-2639FAEF86AD.png|Older portrait
Ba'athism-Valvo-Portrait.png|Old Portrait
</gallery>

===Comics and Artwork===
<gallery mode="slideshow">
Fruitrollupgod-Assad.png|''"Assad stayed, if only the others could too"'' by u/fruitrollupgod, [https://www.reddit.com/r/Polcompball/comments/n526ua/assad_stayed_if_only_the_others_could_too/ Source]
RandomRetard2137-9x9 Characters.png|9x9 Compass
PCBChess.png|By u/VarietyTimely3590
</gallery>

==Further Information==
===Literature===
*[https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/One_Common_Trench_or_Two_Opposite_Sides%3F One Common Trench or Two Opposite Sides?] by Saddam Hussein

===Wikipedia===
*[[w:Ba%27athism|Ba'athism]]
*[[File:Baath.png]] [[w:Ba%27ath_Party|Ba'ath Party]]
**[[File:Cball-Iraq.png]] [[w:Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Iraq_Region|Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region]]
**[[File:Cball-Syria.png]] [[w:Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region|Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region]]
**[[File:Cball-Lebanon.png]] [[w:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Lebanon Region|Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Lebanon Region]]
**[[File:Cball-Libya.png]] [[w:Libyan Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party|Libyan Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party]]
**[[File:Hussein.png]] [[w:Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)|Iraqi-dominated faction]]
**[[File:Bashar al-Assad.png]] [[w:Ba%27ath_Party_(Syrian-dominated_faction)|Syrian-dominated faction]]
*[[w:Democratic_Socialist_Arab_Ba%27ath_Party|Democratic Socialist Arab Ba'ath Party]]
*[[File:Cball-Sudan.png]] [[w:Sudanese_Ba%27ath_Party|Sudanese Ba'ath Party]]
*[[w:As-Sa%27iqa|As-Sa'iqa]]
*[[File:Hussein.png]] [[w:Ba%27athist_Iraq|Ba'athist Iraq]]
*[[File:Ba'athist Syria.png]] [[w:Ba'athist Syria|Ba'athist Syria]]

===Internet Communities===
*[https://www.reddit.com/r/SyrianCirclejerkWar/ r/SyrianCirclejerkWar]
*[https://www.reddit.com/r/SyrianCivilWar/ r/SyrianCivilWar]

===Notes===
{{Reflist|group=Note}}

===References===
<references />

==Navigation==
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