imported>BayCorvusTR: /* Multi-party Period */

2026-03-22T14:49:34Z

Multi-party Period

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==Parties==
===Parliamentary===
====Government====
*[[File:Natpop.png]] [[Right-Wing Populism|Cumhur İttifakı (People's Alliance)]]
**[[File:Erdoğanism.png]] [[Neo-Ottomanism|Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (Justice and Development Party)]]
**[[File:MHP.png]] [[Turkish Idealism|Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi (Nationalist Movement Party)]]
***[[File:Grey-Wolves-icon-pcb.png]] [[Turkish Idealism|Bozkurtlar (Grey Wolves)]]
**[[File:HUDA PAR.png]] [[Islamic Theocracy|Hür Dava Partisi (Free Cause Party)]] <ref>Allegedly affiliated with Kurdish Hezbollah.</ref>
**[[File:TurkishDemLeftPartySmall.png]] [[Kemalism#Center-Left Kemalism/Ecevitism|Demokratik Sol Parti (Democratic Left Party)]]
**[[File:GreatUnityParty.png]] [[Turkish Idealism|Büyük Birlik Partisi (Great Unity Party)]] (extraparliamentary)

====Opposition====
*[[File:CHP.png]] [[Kemalism|Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi (Republican People's Party)]]
*[[File:Lpop.png]] [[Left-Wing Populism|Emek ve Özgürlük İttifakı (Labour and Freedom Alliance)]]
**[[File:TurkiyeYSP.png]] [[Eco-Socialism|Halkların Eşitlik ve Demokrasi Partisi (Peoples' Equality and Democracy Party)]]
**[[File:HDP Turkey.png]] [[Liberal Socialism|Halkların Demokratik Partisi (Peoples' Democratic Party)]]
**[[File:TİP.png]] [[Marxism–Leninism|Türkiye İşçi Partisi (Workers' Party of Turkey)]]
**[[File:Ecosoc.png]] [[Eco-Socialism|Toplumsal Özgürlük Partisi (Social Freedom Party)]]
**[[File:Demcon.png]] [[Democratic Confederalism|Demokratik Bölgeler Partisi (Democratic Regions Party)]]
**[[File:Hoxha.png]] [[Hoxhaism|Emek Partisi (Labour Party)]]
*[[File:IyIparty.png]] [[National Liberalism|İyi Parti (Good Party)]]
*[[File:Parl.png]] [[Parliamentarianism|Yeni Yol (New Path)]]
**[[File:TurkiyeDEVA.png]] [[Liberal Conservatism|Demokrasi ve Atılım Partisi (Democracy and Progress Party)]]
**[[File:Saadet.png]] [[Religious Nationalism#Millî Görüş|Saadet Partisi (Felicity Party)]]
**[[File:AhmetDavutoğlu.png]] [[Conservative Liberalism|Gelecek Partisi (Future Party)]]
*[[File:TurkiyeRefah.png]] [[Religious Nationalism#Millî Görüş|Yeniden Refah Partisi (New Welfare Party)]]
*[[File:TurkiyeDP.png]] [[Liberal Conservatism|Demokrat Parti (Democratic Party)]]

===Extraparlimentary===
*[[File:ANAVATAN.png]] [[Neoliberalism|Anavatan Partisi (Motherland Party)]]
*[[File:Kemal.png]] [[Kemalism|Bağımsız Türkiye Partisi (Independent Turkey Party)]]
*[[File:TurkiyeGencParty.png]] [[Populism|Genç Parti (Young Party)]]
*[[File:Kurdish.png]] [[Islamic Theocracy|Partiya Doza Azadî (Free Cause Party)]]
*[[File:Natcon.png]] [[National Conservatism|Muhafazakar Yükseliş Partisi (Conservative Ascension Party)]]
*[[File:Lpop.png]] [[Left-Wing Populism|Sol Parti (Left Party)]]
*[[File:TKP.png]] [[Marxism–Leninism|Türkiye Komünist Partisi (Communist Party of Turkey)]]
*[[File:PatrioticParty.png]] [[Left-Wing Nationalism|Vatan Partisi (Patriotic Party)]]
*[[File:ML.png]] [[Marxism–Leninism|Toplumcu Kurtuluş Partisi (Socialist Liberation Party)]]
*[[File:Trot.png]] [[Trotskyism|Sosyalist Alternatif (Socialist Alternative)]]
*[[File:Trot.png]] [[Trotskyism|Devrimci Sosyalist İşçi Partisi (Revolutionary Socialist Workers' Party)]]
*[[File:Trot.png]] [[Trotskyism|Devrimci İşçi Partisi (Revolutionist Workers' Party)]]
*[[File:ML.png]] [[Marxism–Leninism|Türkiye Sosyalist İşçi Partisi (Socialist Workers' Party of Turkey)]]
*[[File:Natcon.png]] [[National Conservatism|Yurt Partisi (Homeland Party)]]
*[[File:PanTurk.png]] [[Pan-Nationalism#Pan-Turkism|Ötüken Birliği Partisi (Ötüken Union Party)]]
*[[File:Ulusal.png]] [[Kemalism#Marxism-Kemalism/Far-Left Kemalism|Ulusal Parti (National Party)]]
*[[File:Kemal.png]] [[Kemalism|Milli Mücadele Partisi (National Struggle Party)]]
*[[File:FDF-Pirate.png]] [[Piratism|Korsan Parti Türkiye (Pirate Party Turkey)]]
*[[File:Glib.png]] [[Green Liberalism|Yeşiller Partisi (Green Party)]]
*[[File:Fem.png]] [[Feminism|Kadın Partisi (Women's Party)]]
*[[File:Lib.png]] [[Liberalism|Merkez Parti (Centre Party)]]
*[[File:HDP Turkey.png]] [[Democratic Socialism|Halkların Demokratik Partisi (Peoples' Democratic Party)]]
*[[File:LDP(Turkiye).png]] [[Classical Liberalism|Liberal Demokrat Parti (Liberal Democrat Party)]]
*[[File:Leftnat.png]] [[Left-Wing Nationalism|Partiya Herêman a Demokratîk (Democratic Regions Party)]]
*[[File:EthnonatKemal.png]] [[Ethnonationalism|Ata Alliance]]
**[[File:Zafer.png]] [[Turkish Idealism|Zafer Partisi (Victory Party)]]
**[[File:Conlib.png]] [[Conservative Liberalism|Adalet Partisi (Justice Party)]]

===Banned===
*[[File:Libconserv3.png]] [[Liberal Conservatism|Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet Fırkası (Progressive Republican Party)]]
*[[File:MilliGorus.png]] [[Religious Nationalism#Millî Görüş|Millî Nizam Partisi (National Order Party)]]
*[[File:MilliGorus.png]] [[Religious Nationalism#Millî Görüş|Millî Selamet Partisi (National Salvation Party)]]
*[[File:TurkiyeRefah.png]] [[Religious Nationalism#Millî Görüş|Refah Partisi (Welfare Party)]]
*[[File:MilliGorus.png]] [[Religious Nationalism#Millî Görüş|Fazilet Partisi (Virtue Party)]]
*[[File:Leftnat.png]] [[Left-Wing Nationalism|Halkın Emek Partisi (People's Labour Party)]]
*[[File:Socdem.png]] [[Social Democracy|Partiya Demokrasiyê (Democracy Party)]]
*[[File:Socdem.png]] [[Social Democracy|Halkın Demokrasi Partisi (People's Democracy Party)]]
*[[File:Leftnat.png]] [[Left-Wing Nationalism|Partiya Civaka Demokratîk (Democratic Society Party)]]
*[[File:HBDH.png]] [[Marxism|Halkların Birleşik Devrim Hareketi (Peoples' United Revolutionary Movement)]]
**[[File:PKK-icon-pcb.png]] [[Democratic Confederalism|Partiya Karkerên Kurdistanê (Kurdistan Workers' Party)]]
**[[File:MLKP.png]] [[Hoxhaism|Marksist-Leninist Komünist Partisi (Marxist-Leninist Communist Party)]]
**[[File:MLSPG.png]] [[Marxism–Leninism|Marksist Leninist Silahlı Propaganda Birliği (Marxist–Leninist Armed Propaganda Unit)]]
**[[File:MKP.png]] [[Marxism–Leninism–Maoism|Maoist Komünist Partisi (Maoist Communist Party)]]
**[[File:ML.png]] [[Marxism–Leninism|Türkiye Komünist Emek Partisi/Leninist (Communist Labour Party of Turkey/Leninist)]]
**[[File:ML.png]] [[Marxism–Leninism|Devrimci Komünarlar Partisi (Revolutionary Communard Party)]]
**[[File:Kaypakkaya.png]] [[Marxism–Leninism–Maoism|Türkiye Komünist Partisi/Marksist-Leninist (Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist)]]
**[[File:ML.png]] [[Marxism–Leninism|Devrimci Karargâh (Revolutionary Headquarters)]]
*[[File:MahirCayan.png]] [[Guevarism|Türkiye Halk Kurtuluş Partisi-Cephesi(Turkish People's Liberation Party-Front)]]
*[[File:Gülen.png]] [[Cultism|Gülen Hareketi (Gülen Movement)]]
*[[File:IBDA-C.png]] [[Jihadism|IBDA-C (Great Eastern Raiders' Front)]]

===Historical===
*[[File:FethiOkyar.png]] [[Kemalism#Liberal Kemalism|Serbest Cumhuriyet Fırkası (Liberal Republican Party)]] (1930)
*[[File:TurkishDemPartySmall.png]] [[Authoritarian Capitalism|Demokrat Parti (Democratic Party)]] (1946-1961)
*[[File:TurkiyeAP.png]] [[Liberal Conservatism|Adalet Partisi (Justice Party)]] (1961-1981)
*[[File:TurhanFeyzioğlu.png]] [[Kemalism|Cumhuriyetçi Güven Partisi (Republican Reliance Party)]] (1967-1981)
*[[File:TurkiyeDP.png]] [[Liberal Conservatism|Doğru Yol Partisi (True Path Party)]] (1983-2007)
*[[File:OsmanPamukoğlu.png]] [[Stratocracy|Hak ve Eşitlik Partisi (Rights and Equality Party)]] (2008-2019)
*[[File:Memleket.png]] [[Kemalism|Memleket Partisi (Homeland Party)]] (2021-2025)

===[[File:Cball-Ottomanism.png]] Ottoman Empire===
*[[File:Ittihad.png]] [[İttihadism|İttihat ve Terakki Fırkası (Committee of Union and Progress)]]
*[[File:Civnat.png]] [[Civic Nationalism|Hürriyet ve İtilâf Fırkası (Freedom and Accord Party)]]
*[[File:Demsocstar.png]] [[Democratic Socialism|Osmanlı Sosyalist Fırkası (Ottoman Socialist Party)]]
*[[File:Civnat.png]] [[Civic Nationalism|Osmanlı Ahrar Fırkası‎ (Ottoman Liberty Party)]]
*[[File:Jewish_Socialism.png]] [[Labour Zionism|Selanik Sosyalist İşçi Federasyonu (Socialist Workers' Federation)]]
*[[File:Socdem.png]] [[Social Democracy|Sosyal Demokrat Fırkası (Social Democrat Party)]]
*[[File:Agsoc.png]] [[Agrarian Socialism|Türkiye İşçi ve Çiftçi Sosyalist Fırkası (Turkish Workers' and Peasants' Socialist Party)]]
*[[File:Ultranat.png]] [[Ultranationalism|Teceddüt Fırkası‎ (Renewal Party)]]
*[[File:Cball-Bulgaria.png]] [[Left-Wing Nationalism|Народна федеративна партия (българска секция) (People's Federative Party (Bulgarian Section))]]
*[[File:Cball-Bulgaria.png]] [[Ultranationalism|Съюз на българските конституционни клубове (Bulgarian Constitutional Clubs)]]
*[[File:PanArab.png]] [[Pan-Nationalism#Pan-Arabism|جمعية العربية الفتاة (Young Arab Society)]]
*[[File:Nalib.png]] [[National Liberalism|Արմենական Կուսակցութիւն (Armenakan Party)]]
*[[File:Leftnat.png]] [[Left-Wing Nationalism|Սոցիալ Դեմոկրատ Հնչակյան Կուսակցություն (Social Democrat Hunchakian Party)]]
*[[File:Dashnak.png]] [[Left-Wing Nationalism|Հայ Յեղափոխական Դաշնակցութիւն (Armenian Revolutionary Federation)]]

==People==
===Presidents===
====One-Party Period====
*[[File:Ataturk.png]] [[Kemalism|Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]] ([[File:Kemal.png]] CHP, 1923-1938)
*[[File:IsmetInonu.png]] [[Kemalism|İsmet İnönü]] ([[File:Kemal.png]] CHP, 1938-1950)
====Multi-party Period====
''Prior to the 2017 constitutional referendum, the position of President of the multi-party period of Turkey was ceremonial.''
*[[File:ConKemal.png]] [[Liberal Conservatism|Celâl]] [[Kemalism|Bayar]] (1950-1960)
*[[File:Evren.png]] [[Stratocracy|Cemal]] [[Kemalism|Gürsel]] (1961-1966)
*[[File:Strato-Antifurry.png]] [[Stratocracy|Cevdet Sunay]] (1966-1973)
*[[File:Strato-Antifurry.png]] [[Stratocracy|Fahri Korutürk]] (1973-1980)
*[[File:Evren.png]] [[Stratocracy|Kenan]] [[Authoritarian Capitalism|Evren]] (1980-1989)
*[[File:Özal.png]] [[Neoliberalism|Turgut Özal]] (1989-1993)
*[[File:Demirel.png]] [[Liberal Conservatism|Süleyman Demirel]] (1993-2000)
*[[File:Secular.png]] [[Secularism|Ahmet Necdet Sezer]] (2000-2007)
*[[File:AbdullahGül.png]] [[Islamic Democracy|Abdullah Gül]] (2007-2014)
*[[File:RecepTayyipErdogan.png]] [[Neo-Ottomanism|Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] ([[File:Erdoğanism.png]] AKP, 2014-)

====Coups====
*[[File:Evren.png]] [[Stratocracy|Cemal]] [[Kemalism|Gürsel]] (1960-1966)
*[[File:SocKemStrato.png]] [[Kemalism|Cemal]] [[Left-Wing Nationalism|Madanoğlu]] (1960, de facto)
*[[File:Evren.png]] [[Stratocracy|Talat]] {{PCBA|Pekerism|Aydemir}} (1962-1963, failed)
*[[File:Evren.png]] [[Stratocracy|Memduh]] {{PCBA|Anti-Communism|Tağmaç}} (1969)
*[[File:SocKemal.png]] [[State Socialism|Doğan]] [[Kemalism|Avcıoğlu]] (1971, failed)
*[[File:Evren.png]] [[Stratocracy|Memduh]] {{PCBA|Anti-Communism|Tağmaç}} (1971)
*[[File:Evren.png]] [[Authoritarian Capitalism|Kenan]] [[Stratocracy|Evren]] (1980-1989)
*[[File:Evren.png]] [[Secularism|İsmail Hakkı Karadayı]] (1997)
*[[File:SocKemStrato.png]] [[Kemalism|Yaşar Büyükanıt]] (2007, failed)
*[[File:Gülen.png]] [[Cultism|Fethullah Gülen]] (2016, failed)

===Prime Ministers===
''The post of prime minister was abolished in 2018.''
====One-Party Period====
*[[File:IsmetInonu.png]] [[Kemalism|İsmet İnönü]] ([[File:Kemal.png]] CHP, 1923-1924, 1925-1937)
*[[File:FethiOkyar.png]] [[Kemalism|Fethi Okyar]] ([[File:Kemal.png]] CHP, 1924-1925)
*[[File:ConKemal.png]] [[Liberal Conservatism|Celâl]] [[Kemalism|Bayar]] ([[File:Kemal.png]] CHP, 1937-1939)
*[[File:Kemal.png]] [[Kemalism|Refik Saydam]] ([[File:Kemal.png]] CHP, 1939-1942)
*[[File:Kemal.png]] [[Kemalism|Şükrü Saracoğlu]] ([[File:Kemal.png]] CHP, 1942-1946)
====Multi-party Period====
*[[File:Fashkemal.png]] [[Fascism|Recep]] [[Kemalism|Peker]] ([[File:Kemal.png]] CHP, 1946-1947)
*[[File:Kemal.png]] [[Kemalism|Hasan Saka]] ([[File:Kemal.png]] CHP, 1947-1949)
*[[File:Conlib.png]] [[Conservative Liberalism|Şemsettin Günaltay]] ([[File:Kemal.png]] CHP, 1949-1950)
*[[File:DemocratParty.png]] [[Conservative Liberalism|Adnan Menderes]] ([[File:DemocratParty.png]] DP, 1950-1960)
*[[File:Evren.png]] [[Stratocracy|Cemal]] [[Kemalism|Gürsel]] (1960-1961)
*[[File:IsmetInonu.png]] [[Kemalism|İsmet İnönü]] ([[File:Kemal.png]] CHP, 1961-1965)
*[[File:Libconserv3.png]] [[Liberal Conservatism|Suat Hayri Ürgüplü]] ([[File:TurkiyeAP.png]] AP, 1965)
*[[File:Demirel.png]] [[Liberal Conservatism|Süleyman Demirel]] ([[File:TurkiyeAP.png]] AP, 1965-1971, 1975-1977, 1977-1978, 1979-1980, 1991-1993)
*[[File:Kemal.png]] [[Kemalism|Nihat Erim]] (1971-1972)
*[[File:Kemal.png]] [[Kemalism|Ferit Melen]] ([[File:TurhanFeyzioğlu.png]] CGP, 1972-1973)
*Naim Talu (1973-1974)
*[[File:BulentEcevit.png]] [[Kemalism|Bülent]] [[Social Democracy|Ecevit]] ([[File:Kemal.png]] CHP, 1974, 1977, 1978-1979, 1999-2002)
*[[File:Kemal.png]] [[Kemalism|Sadi Irmak]] (1974-1975)
*[[File:Strato-Antifurry.png]] [[Stratocracy|Bülend Ulusu]] (1980-1983)
*[[File:Özal.png]] [[Neoliberalism|Turgut Özal]] ([[File:ANAVATAN.png]] ANAP, 1983-1989)
*[[File:ANAVATAN.png]] [[Neoliberalism|Yıldırım Akbulut]] ([[File:ANAVATAN.png]] ANAP, 1989-1991)
*[[File:ANAVATAN.png]] [[Neoliberalism|Mesut Yılmaz]] ([[File:ANAVATAN.png]] ANAP, 1991, 1996, 1997-1999)
*[[File:TansuÇiller.png]] [[Neoconservatism#Turkey|Tansu Çiller]] ([[File:TurkiyeDP.png]] DYP, 1993-1996)
*[[File:MilliGorus.png]] [[Religious Nationalism#Millî Görüş|Necmettin Erbakan]] ([[File:TurkiyeRefah.png]] RP, 1996-1997)
*[[File:AbdullahGül.png]] [[Islamic Democracy|Abdullah Gül]] ([[File:AKP.png]] AKP, 2002-2003)
*[[File:RecepTayyipErdogan.png]] [[Neo-Ottomanism|Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] ([[File:AKP.png]] AKP, 2003-2014)
*[[File:AhmetDavutoğlu.png]] [[Neo-Ottomanism|Ahmet Davutoğlu]] ([[File:AKP.png]] AKP, 2014-2016)
*[[File:Klep.png]] [[Kleptocracy|Binali Yıldırım]] ([[File:AKP.png]] AKP, 2016-2018)
<br>
*'''The Office was abolished on July 9, 2018'''

===Vice Presidents===
*[[File:Authcap.png]] [[Authoritarian Capitalism|Fuat Oktay]] ([[File:AKP.png]] AKP, 2018-2023)
*[[File:Authcap.png]] [[Authoritarian Capitalism|Cevdet Yılmaz]] ([[File:AKP.png]] AKP, 2023-)

===List of the Main Opposition Leaders===
*[[File:IslamNat.png]] [[Religious Nationalism|Kâzım]] [[İttihadism|Karabekir]] (TCF, 1924-1925)
*[[File:FethiOkyar.png]] [[Kemalism|Fethi Okyar]] ([[File:FethiOkyar.png]] SCF, 1930)
*[[File:ConKemal.png]] [[Liberal Conservatism|Celâl]] [[Kemalism|Bayar]] ([[File:AdnanMenderes.png]] DP, 1946-1950)
*[[File:IsmetInonu.png]] [[Kemalism|İsmet İnönü]] ([[File:Kemal.png]] CHP, 1950-1960, 1965-1971)
*[[File:Libconserv3.png]] [[Liberal Conservatism|Ekrem Alican]] (YTP, 1961-1962)
*[[File:Libconserv3.png]] [[Liberal Conservatism|Ragıp Gümüşpala]] (AP, 1962-1964)
*[[File:Libconserv3.png]] [[Liberal Conservatism|Süleyman Demirel]] (AP, 1964-1965, 1974, 1977, 1978-1979)
*[[File:BulentEcevit.png]] [[Kemalism|Bülent]] [[Social Democracy|Ecevit]] ([[File:Kemal.png]] CHP, 1975-1977, 1977-1978, 1979-1980)
*[[File:Socdem.png]] [[Social Democracy|Necdet Calp]] (HP, 1983-1985)
*[[File:Socdem.png]] [[Social Democracy|Aydın Güven Gürkan]] (SHP, 1985-1986)
*[[File:Socdem.png]] [[Social Democracy|Erdal İnönü]] (SHP, 1986-1991)
*[[File:ANAVATAN.png]] [[Liberal Conservatism|Mesut Yılmaz]] ([[File:ANAVATAN.png]] ANAP, 1991-1996, 1996-1997)
*[[File:MilliGorus.png]] [[Religious Nationalism#Millî Görüş|Necmettin Erbakan]] ([[File:TurkiyeRefah.png]] RP, 1996, 1997)
*[[File:MilliGorus.png]] [[Religious Nationalism#Millî Görüş|İsmail Alptekin]] (FP, 1997-1998)
*[[File:MilliGorus.png]] [[Religious Nationalism#Millî Görüş|Recai Kutan]] (FP, 1998-2001)
*[[File:TansuÇiller.png]] [[Neoconservatism#Turkey|Tansu Çiller]] ([[File:TurkiyeDP.png]] DYP, 2001-2002)
*[[File:Kemal.png]] [[Kemalism|Deniz Baykal]] ([[File:Kemal.png]] CHP, 2002-2010)
*[[File:Kilicdaroglu.png]] [[Kemalism|Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu]] ([[File:Kemal.png]] CHP, 2010-2023)
*[[File:Welf.png]] [[Welfarism|Özgür Özel]] ([[File:Kemal.png]] CHP, 2023-)

==References==

List of Movements/Political Parties/Turkey - Revision history

imported>BayCorvusTR: /* Multi-party Period */