Editing Eurocommunism (section)

== Variants ==

=== [[File:ComNostalgia.png]] '''Post-Communism''' ===
Post-communism refers to the political, economic, and ideological transformations that emerged after the collapse of communist governments in Eastern Europe and the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Beginning in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the revolutionary upheavals that ended one-party socialist rule forced former ruling parties, opposition movements, and intellectuals to redefine their political positions. Governments and political organizations that emerged from these transitions generally abandoned orthodox Marxist-Leninist doctrine while preserving parts of the social welfare structures that had existed under state socialism. In many countries the result was a hybrid ideological environment that blended [[File:Socdem.png]]'''social democracy''', [[File:Liberalsoc.png]]'''liberal socialism''', and elements of [[File:Soccap.png]]'''social capitalism''', often accompanied by the adoption of [[File:Keynes.png]]'''Keynesian economic policies''' designed to stabilize economies undergoing rapid market transformation.

Politically, post-communist systems frequently adopted institutions associated with '''liberal democracy''', including competitive elections, pluralist party systems, and civil liberties. However, these reforms occurred unevenly. Some states maintained relatively stable democratic institutions, while others developed more centralized or illiberal systems. Many reformist parties that emerged from former communist organizations rebranded themselves as '''center-left''' movements supporting [[File:Left_Reformism.png]]'''left-reformism''', combining market mechanisms with social protections. In Western Europe, particularly within parties influenced by the Italian Communist tradition, this reformist current was sometimes described through concepts such as '''migliorismo''', which emphasized gradual institutional improvement rather than revolutionary change.

Economically, post-communist reforms attempted to construct mixed economies combining private markets with social protections. Governments often pursued a balance between [[File:Socdem.png]]'''social democracy''' and market liberalization, producing what observers described as [[File:Soccap.png]]'''social capitalism''', a system in which capitalist markets operate alongside welfare states and labor protections. In many countries this transition also produced ideological currents sometimes labeled [[File:Leftneolib.png]]'''left-neoliberalism''', where parties with socialist origins accepted globalization, privatization, and financial liberalization while still promoting social welfare programs. International integration became a major priority; several states aligned themselves with Western institutions and foreign policy frameworks associated with [[File:Atlanticism.png]]'''Atlanticism''', while also engaging with global economic institutions, which contributed to a broader orientation toward [[File:World.png]]'''globalism'''.

Foreign policy positions within post-communist politics varied widely. Many governments pursued integration with Western alliances such as NATO and the European Union, reflecting Atlanticist strategic thinking. At the same time, factions within post-communist political movements opposed this alignment, producing currents of [[File:AntiNATO.png]]'''anti-NATO''' sentiment rooted in historical non-alignment traditions or nationalist perspectives. [[File:Antifash2.png]]Anti-fascism remained a powerful symbolic legacy inherited from the communist era, continuing to shape political discourse and historical memory across much of Eastern Europe. In some contexts, post-communist parties also expressed support for international movements such as [[File:Labzion.png]]'''Labour Zionism''', reflecting their broader engagement with global socialist traditions.

Environmental policy became another arena of ideological development. During the transition from centralized industrial planning to market economies, governments confronted severe ecological damage inherited from heavy industry. As a result, several reformist parties incorporated [[File:Gsocdem.png]]'''center-left environmentalism''' into their programs, linking ecological policy with social democratic welfare systems and industrial modernization.

Despite broad agreement on abandoning orthodox communist doctrine, post-communist politics remained internally diverse. Some factions moved further toward [[File:Demsocstar.png]]'''democratic socialism''', emphasizing strong welfare systems and expanded public ownership. Others developed positions closer to [[File:Soclib.png]]'''social liberalism''', accepting market capitalism with regulatory oversight. Additional currents emerged that combined elements of state authority with social welfare systems, sometimes described as [[File:Socauth.png]]'''social authoritarianism''', particularly in states where democratic institutions remained weak.

Overall, post-communism represents a complex ideological landscape shaped by the collapse of twentieth-century socialist states and the effort to construct new political systems that combine democratic governance, market economies, and social welfare protections. The resulting ideological spectrum spans reformist socialism, social democracy, and market-oriented liberalism, reflecting the diverse paths taken by societies emerging from the communist era.