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"There is no salvation for civilization, or even the human race, other than the creation of a world government"

World Federalism is an ideology and movement aiming to create a global federal government. A world federation would have authority on issues of global reach, while the power over local matters would reside in the members of such federation, the overall sovereignty over the world population would largely reside in the federal government. Although its supporters vary economically, ranging from socialists or social democrats to File:Georgist.png georgists or File:Neoliberal-icon.png neoliberals, all World Federalists emphasize the importance and value of File:Humanismpix.png Humanism.

Ultimately, the goal of World Federalism is to combat and triumph over the various demons that have hung over the shoulders of humanity for so long. Namely, bringing about an end to poverty, war, climate change, and harmful tribalist mentalities. While these aspirations may seem grandiose or utopian, World Federalists assert that such thinking is counterproductive and is exactly why we have these problems in the first place. As of now, there is still no singular or cohesive theory to World Federalism. Some argue that the very notion of ethnicity or race should eventually be done away with while other, more moderate supporters, assert that solely the implementation of a global federal government is needed. As such, its base is a wide collection of idealists, humanists, economists, and humanitarians who are willing to band together and believe humanity's biggest problems require a big solution that can only be solved under a single federal state.

History

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General History

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File:World Federalism2.png World Federalism has evolved from more general proposals for a world government. Proposals for a world government can be found as far back as File:Hellenism.png Ancient Greece, File:Cball-India.png India, File:Cball-Persia.png Persia and File:Chine.png China, mostly tied to a File:PagTheo.png mystical cosmology. Alexander the Great pursued the goal of conquering the entire known world and subjugating it under File:Unimon.png his rule. World governments in various forms later appeared in the works of File:DanteAlighieri.png Dante Alighieri, File:Kant.png Immanuel Kant, File:Cloots.png Anacharsis Cloots and Johann Gottlieb Fichte, where it was explicitly proposed as a means of securing world peace. A File:Parl.png world parliament as an integral part of a world republic was mentioned first by Pecqueur in 1842. The idea has been popularized by many prominent authors, such as Alfred Tennyson and File:HGW.png H. G. Wells. The late 19th century has also seen the establishment of a number of international institutions, such as the File:Welf.png International Committee of the Red Cross, the Telegraphic Union, the Universal Postal Union and the File:Parl.png Inter-Parliamentary Union with the goal of serving as "an international congress which should meet periodically to discuss international questions". in 1948, in the University if Chicago, several figures, including File:PreliminaryDraftofaWorld Constitution1948.png Robert Maynard Hutchins, File:Secular.png Wilber G. Katz, and File:Ecoglob.png Elisabeth Mann Borgese, drafted a world constitution, with clear File:Humanismpix.png Humanism goals and values, a will for the formation of several File:Pan-Nationalism.png Pan-National File:Fed.png Federal states, and a commitment to a functional File:Consti.png Constitution to be followed by a File:World.png World File:Republicanismpix.png Republic.

WWI-WW2

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After the conclusion of the "war to end all wars" many began to speculate how future global conflicts could be prevented. This would ultimately lead to the first attempts to create a united world government, involving some of the first World Federalists. The most successful attempt after the war could be seen with the creation of the League of Nations on the 10th of January 1920. Although a notable achievement, the organisation would ultimately fail largely because it required practically unilateral agreement by every member state to make any decision. The rise of File:Ultranat.png Ultranationalism across the globe following the great depression would eventually prove to be the final nail in the coffin for the League of Nations as it failed to stop the aggressive actions of File:Nazi.png Germany, File:Cball-King-Italy.png Italy, and File:Cball-Japan-alt.png Japan (among others). This "rise of nationalism and the growing threat of fascism in Europe caused a resurgence of the idea of a unified world. With the release of the book Union Now, Clarence Streit proposed a political union of democratic nations. The United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Ireland, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland were to form the seed for a democratic world republic. A world congress made up of a House of Representatives and a Senate should decide on matters related to defence, trade and currency". Following the Axis defeat and the conclusion of the Second World War, World Federalism would see an all-time high of support (perhaps the most support it has ever received) which would only be emboldened by the creation of the United Nations in 1945. Other intra-state organizations like the European Union and File:Cball-AfricanUnion.png African Union would later be created, partially embodying the values established by World Federalism. The African Union is the only intra-state organization that officially lists the unification of all of its member states as one of its eventual goals. It should be noted that Africa and India are notable contributors to the World Federalist Movement, producing prominent supporters including, but not limited to File:Mandela.png Nelson Mandela, File:Nehru.png Jawaharlal Nehru, and File:Ghandi.png Mahatma Gandhi. This is in part a consequence of de-colonization and anti-File:Imp.png imperialist movements in their respective regions.

Modern Day-Future

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Although World Federalist movements exist today, the ideology is nowhere near as prevalent as it once was following the conclusions of WWI/WW2. Rising File:Nation.png nationalist sentiment across practically every country worldwide along with increasing scepticism of File:World.png globalism have dealt a serious blow to any possibility of getting remotely close to the creation of a global federal government. Furthermore, the questionable effectiveness and success of the United Nations have made many question whether any inter-state organizations are needed or necessary. However, the problems brought on by man-made climate change have potentially revitalized the movement, with many arguing that the only way the world's nations can handle this environmental disaster is by banding together and forming a united File:Envi.png environmentalist front that can enforce policy in every nation. While the future may look bleak, World Federalism continues to move forward, hoping that perhaps one day, its time will finally come.

Criticism

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Feasibility

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Perhaps one of the most common arguments against World Federalism is its feasibility. Managing the entirety of the global population under one government is far easier said than done and is exceedingly complicated when considering the enormous diversity of religions, cultures, and ethnicities that exist across the world. Historically multi-ethnic countries and regions such as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Yugoslavia, Post-Colonial Africa, Syria, Israel-Palestine, Iraq, etc. have demonstrated that managing a diverse nation can be incredibly difficult to accomplish. Furthermore, the sheer number of people (likely to plateau near 9 billion) could become an administrative nightmare. Ultimately, some argue that the peoples of Earth are far too different to cooperate and that we are better off completely independent from one another. However, a common response to this argument is that World Federalism is a long-term goal and most acknowledge that it cannot be reasonably implemented in our current time. Instead, individuals and states should aim to strengthen their bonds with each other and increase the power of international institutions, such as the UN, while advocating for principles associated with World Federalism and humanism. The fact that the ideology supports File:Fed.png Federalism is also meant to account for this problem. By providing local communities with greater autonomy, they may be part of a greater human identity while maintaining their differences. Additionally, some might assert that a widespread pan-humanist movement will eventually form, which could lead to the creation of a global nation. In other words, World Federalists acknowledge the challenge of the times, but believe that the actions and behaviours of individuals will contribute to gradual change and eventual societal reform.

Globalisation and the degradation of culture

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Another common argument is that a world government would inherently create a more homogenous humanity thereby overpowering smaller cultures and communities, eventually leading to the destruction of their way of life. While different World Federalists may have differing views on this topic, most will agree that this is not the intention or goal of World Federalism. Although the creation of a world government could lead to a more homogenous humanity, the federal structure of World Federalism is intended to allow different groups of people to keep their way of life alive by providing them with the authority to govern themselves at the local level. One might picture a more decentralized form of the United States federal state structure, for example. This, of course, is under the assumption that local communities and indigenous populations are given representation as promoted by World Federalists.

Effectiveness of the United Nations

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Arguments against World Federalism often cite the effectiveness, or perhaps more appropriately, the ineffectiveness of the United Nations and its predecessor, the League of Nations. In other words, the fact that the United Nations has been unable to live up to many of its values and goals is evidence that a global government of any capacity is impossible. While it is true that the UN has failed in many respects (File:Hutupower.png Rwandan Genocide, File:Cball-Libya.png Libyan, and File:Cball-Syria.png Syrian Civil Wars, etc.), it is important to note the very real accomplishments the UN has achieved in its short history. One of, if not the most notable of which is the absence of a major global conflict and/or nuclear war, largely thanks to the efforts of the UN Security Council. While there are still conflicts across the globe that have killed millions, the absence of a global conflict is notable. Although some might credit nuclear deterrence as the main reason for this absence, one could point to the numerous instances in which nuclear war was only narrowly avoided thanks to diplomatic efforts across multiple nation-states. Furthermore, perhaps one of the most understated achievements of the United Nations was its contributions to the eradication of smallpox and its continued effort to fight diseases across the globe. This development in human history is a direct byproduct of the United Nations and has undoubtedly saved millions of people. This, of course, does not erase the aforementioned failures of the UN, but highlights many criticisms that World Federalists themselves have about the organization. Specifically, the UN is largely unable to live up to its principles and standards. One argument sometimes made by WFs is support for Security Council reform. This take is portrayed well by the organization: Uniting for Consensus, which argues that the number of non-permanent SC members should be increased to better represent the interests of non-western nations along with limiting the powers of the veto for permanent SC members. Proponents of this idea usually advocate for greater powers to the general assembly as well. The main takeaway, is ultimately that World Federalists are often just as critical of the UN as others are. However, they provide solutions to the problem instead of suggesting that the UN is a lost cause. This has become particularly true due to climate change since it is seemingly impossible to implement effective climate policy without the use of a global polity.

Beliefs

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File:HumanNat.png A Shared Human Identity

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World Federalists have a shared sense of humanity that manifests through an attachment to a human identity that surpasses all other identities. Concepts like race, culture, religion, or ethnicity are less important to World Federalists than the common humanity found in all people.

As established in its name, World Federalism wants divisions of power between federal and localised governments in a theoretical world state. This limits bureaucracy and gives sufficient autonomy to the wide variety of different peoples that would make up the political and social body of the world nation. In practice, this limits the authority of the central government and allows regional governments to create many of their laws and regulations depending on their unique needs and values. As such, this prevents an inefficient and bloated government.

At the core of World Federalism are its File:Humanismpix.png humanist principles and philosophical origins. Regardless of an individual's ancestral origin, ethnicity, race, or gender, all people are humans and should be treated as such. This means World Federalists are "responsible for the promotion and development of individuals [and must uphold] the equal and inherent dignity of all human beings, [generally emphasizing] a concern for humans in relation to the world." This may also extend to the enforcement of a secular value (ie a strict separation of church and state) while maintaining one's right to practice or not practice whichever faith they choose. In the modern context, it can be argued that the protection and preservation of the File:Envi.png environment is a humanist issue as it has enormous negative consequences on millions of humans' lives.

File:World.png Unification of Humanity

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The final, and perhaps the most defining characteristic of World Federalism is its goal to create a global government encompassing all people across the Earth. This goal must be achieved through peaceful means (ID EST no File:Imp.png conquest) and has no solidified method. The most common suggestion is to reform the current United Nations by reforming or abolishing the Security Council and giving greater powers to the General Assembly.

Variants

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File:GlobalTribe.png r/GlobalTribe

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File:TheHumanityParty.png The Humanity Party

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World Communism, also known as global communism, is the ultimate form of communism in which the goal is a classless, moneyless, stateless society. This can manifest in either a global alliance between all nations of the world or a world government.

Marxist philosophers had observed at the turn of the century that because capitalism had begun to exhaust the low-hanging fruit of domestic exploitation, whether, on a national or a continental scale, it had become Imperialist and sought out the global exploitation of markets by colonization and subsequent wealth extraction, and workers by the rampant exploitation of labour. This drive for profit as the sole motivating force of the capitalist class compels class solidarity among the now international capitalist class of the world against any attempt to unify in solidarity by the now also international workers of the world, with the capitalist class' goal being to maintain profitability and thus their class' dominance as the engine and reason for the class conflict. Recognition by people of the pain of this exploitation by capitalists inexorably unites the world's proletariat and necessitates international cooperation to halt the suffering of humankind. This proletarian internationalism has as its aim the end of continuous subjugation via divide and rule by the comparatively few capitalists who seek to stop the development of class consciousness in their workers lest they, too, form trade unions to counter the capitalist's monopolies (thus the rallying cry of socialists, "Workers of the world, unite!"). In this view, after a transitional period of international socialism, the terminal stage of development of the (future) history of communism would likewise be replaced by world communism, defined by world peace.

File:WorldConfed.png World Confederalism

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WIP

File:WorldConstitution.png World Constitutionalism

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File:WorldGovernment(OnePiece).png World Government Model (Fictional, One Piece)

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Personality

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World Federalism is a compassionate and enthusiastic ideology that constantly encourages others to cooperate with one another. He is generally very friendly to other ideologies as long as they are not File:Nation.png nationalists. He is also rather articulate and intelligent for an ideology, often having extensive knowledge of history, geography, and even physics. This is likely due to the fact that his supporters are amongst the ranks of File:Einstein.png Albert Einstein, File:HGW.png H.G. Wells, File:MLK Jr.png Martin Luther King Jr., Sylvia Plath, Ashley Montagu, and File:KurtVonnegut.png Kurt Vonnegut. While this is generally a positive thing, it can often result in World Federalism being perceived as elitist and pretentious further backed by the ideology heavily being linked with File:Technocracy.png technocratic politics.

Behavior and Interests

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World Federalism is energetic and passionate and often goes into long rants about the dangers of tribalism and why he can solve all the world's problems. He is also very optimistic and can stay positive even in some of the direst situations. When not interacting with other ideologies World Federalism will likely either be reading, studying physics, or participating in community service and/or humanitarian work.

How to Draw

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File:Worldfed flag.svg
Flag of World Federalism

The World Federalism design is based on the Earth flag proposed by Oskar Pernefeldt in 2015 (Dark Blue Background with the flower of life in the centre) The seven intersected rings represent the 7 continents and the interconnected histories of their people. The blue background represents the oceans that make up 70% of Earth's surface.

  1. Draw a ball
  2. Fill the ball with #0030ad
  3. Draw seven white intersecting rings in the centre
  4. Add the eyes and you're done!

Relations

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World Co-Rulers

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Temporary Partners

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  • File:Anat.png Anationalism - While we both agree on a united world, I don't think anarchism is the best way to achieve that. I could use Esperanto as a way to unite the human race, but I prefer English, as it is already the lingua franca of the world and the majority of our modern-day knowledge is written or has been translated into this language, despite the dark history of English's spread.
  • File:Camus.png Camusism - Another anarchist who, surprisingly, advocated for both me and the EU. Again, I don't like anarchism at all, but thank you for the support, I guess.
  • File:Pan-Nationalism.png Pan-Nationalism - Although you are technically a nationalist, unifying and (mostly) making peace with your neighbours is an admirable goal and would be a good step towards world integration. I am, in essence, a pan-humanist or pan-earthist. But there were File:Nazi.png instances File:Showa.png when you were bloodier than regular nationalism.
  • File:European Federalism.png European Federalism - Just a more specific variant of pan-nationalism that is explicitly federalist, which is better I guess, though I do like how many of your proponents have me in mind in the long term.
  • File:Neoliberal-icon.png Neoliberalism - I like the fact that you have lifted many out of poverty and support open borders and multiculturalism, but your trickle-down and welfare cuts have led to growing inequality.
  • File:Trot.png Trotskyism - You are an advocate for equality and a united world which are both excellent, however, your support for violent revolution is... concerning, to say the least.
  • File:Necon.png Neoconservatism - Same as above, but capitalist.
  • File:Neobert.png Neo-Libertarianism - Same as above, but right-libertarian.
  • File:Statlib.png State Liberalism - Yeah, we both hate xenophobic nationalists and desire a united Earth, but could you like, calm down just a little, please? Also, a unitary world government doesn't really sound feasible.
  • File:Ford.png Fordism - Aren't you just statlib on soma?
  • File:Intercult.png Interculturalism - It really depends. If you have people like me in mind then I'd argue you might be even better than standard multiculturalism. If you have people like File:Civnat.png File:Cultural Nationalism.png them in mind, then I'm not a fan.
  • File:Globnat.png Alter-Globalism - You want to unite the world while protecting the people, wonderful! Still doesn't like my idea of a single world government but I try to get along with him nonetheless whether he likes it or not. Also, please stop liking File:Leftnat.png him so much.
  • File:Unimon.png Universal Monarchism - This would be acceptable if it is a File:Conmon.png constitutional or File:Cermon.png ceremonial monarchy. Obviously, an File:Abmon.png absolute monarchy would be unitary and I am a federalist. I wish I was the File:Imperium.png Emperor of Mankind (pre-Horus Heresy).
  • File:Kita.png Kitaism - Same as above, but socialist.
  • File:Confed.png Confederalism - You are too decentralized, but you may be used for a gradual transition. HRE and CSA are horrible. The former is too close to Patchwork and the latter is both racist and separatist.
  • File:Fem.png Feminism - It depends on whether you want to have women at the same status as men or have them higher than men. I support women having equal rights as men but many of your followers make it something like File:Nazfem.png this.
  • File:Mansphere.png Manosphere - Same as above, but male.
  • File:Imp.png Imperialism - While I do admire your efforts for unifying the globe against the wills of those who didn't want to submit, your violent methods failed and you did not achieve world unification, no matter what empire I talk about. Also, many of you are straight-up racial or ethnic supremacists. Space colonization is good though.
  • File:Woodrow.png Wilsonianism - A US president who supports me! Too bad you're racist.
  • File:Native.png Indigenism - You're a victim of particularism, and I feel sorry for you. But under no circumstances can separatism be allowed!
  • File:Ultraglob.png Ultraglobalism - THIS IS LITERALLY WHAT EVERYONE THINKS I AM! IM NOT HIM OKAY? IM FEDERAL NOT UNITARY! GET IT RIGHT!!!

Tribalists and Racists

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Further Information

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File:Reddit.png Online Communities

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File:Book.png Literature

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  • Man's Most Dangerous Myth: The Fallacy of Race by Ashley Montagu
  • The Global Commonwealth of Citizens. Toward Cosmopolitan Democracy by Daniele Archibugi
  • The Politics of World Federation: From World Federalism to Global Governance by Joseph Baratta
  • Bummel, Andreas and Leinen, Jo. "A World Parliament: Governance and Democracy in the 21st Century", (Democracy Without Borders, 2018).
  • Cabrera, Luis. Political Theory of Global Justice: A Cosmopolitan Case for the World State (London: Routledge, 2004;2006).
  • Glossop, Ronald J. "World Federation? A critical analysis of world government", (McFarland & Company, Inc., 1993).
  • Hamer, Christopher. UNW.edu.au, Global Parliament - Principles of World Federation (Oyster Bay, NSW: Oyster Bay Books, 1998).
  • Kant, Immanuel. "To Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch", (Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., 2003).
  • Lothian, Philip Henry Kerr. "Pacifism is Not Enough, Nor Patriotism Either", (Clarendon Press, 1935).
  • Lykov Andrey Yurievich. World state as the future of the international community (Moscow: Prospekt, 2013).
  • Mazower, Mark. "Governing the World: The History of an Idea, 1815 to the Present", (Penguin Books, 2013).
  • McClintock, John. The Uniting of Nations: An Essay on Global Governance (3rd ed. revised and updated, P.I.E. Peter Lang, 2010)
  • Global Democracy: For and Against. Ethical Theory, Institutional Design and Social Struggles by Raffaele Marchetti
  • Privat, Edmond. "Federala Sperto", (Universala Ligo, 1958).
  • Reves, Emery The Anatomy of Peace Harper and Brothers, 1945
  • Strauss, Andrew. Oneworldtrust.org, Taking Democracy Global: Assessing the Benefits and Challenges of a Global Parliamentary Assembly. (London: One World Trust, 2005).
  • Stark, Jim. Rescue Plan for Planet Earth: Democratic World Government through a Global Referendum (Toronto: Key Publishing House Inc., 2008)
  • Wells, Henry George. "The Outline of History", (George Newnes, 1920).
  • Wendt, Alexander. "Why a World State is Inevitable," European Journal of International Relations, Vol. 9, No. 4 (2003), pp. 491–542
  • Yunker, James A. Political Globalization: A New Vision of Federal World Government (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2007)
  • Maritain, Jacques. Man and the State (1951)
  • Preliminary Draft of a World Constitution (1948)

References

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Portraits

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Alternative designs

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Artwork and Comics

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