Enlightenment Thought

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"The public use of a man's reason must be free at all times, and this alone can bring enlightenment among men..."

File:Kant.png Immanuel Kant

The Enlightenment was born sometime in the late 17th century and is the ancestor of many, many ideologies. They are a broad ideology used to represent ideas of the Age of Enlightenment. Although their biggest contribution to the world was to give birth to Republicanism and Classical Liberalism, they also caused the separation of church and state and went against tyranny. Their ideas promoted individual liberty, progress, fraternity, and tolerance.

Enlightenment parented Classical Liberalism in the early 18th century, as the concept of the invisible hand and free-market ideas were created. Classical Liberalism was then the parent of most free-market ideologies.

Enlightenment also gave birth to the modern republican ideals, which led to the creation of the File:Frencons.png Society of the Friends of the Constitution, from which originated Jacobinism, the predominant political force in the French Revolution. Jacobinism later would form the basic blocks of Socialism.

They also had a child with Agrarianism called File:Physiocracypix.png Physiocracy, who would in turn become the parent of File:Georgist.png Georgism.

And, for last, at the start of the 20th century, they had a child with Austrian School, File:NeoEnl.png Neo-Enlightenment.

Etymology

The word enlightenment stems from the Old English inlihtan ("to illuminate"), combining the prefix en- ("into") with light. Emerging in the 17th century, it signifies the act of supplying with intellectual light, bringing clarity, or removing blindness. It implies a, process of bringing knowledge to light, often referring to spiritual awakening or intellectual understanding.

File:Historian.png History

The Enlightenment was an 18th-century European intellectual movement ("the Age of Reason") that championed the use of File:Rational.png reason, File:Scientocracy Small.png science, and File:Skept.png critical thinking to combat File:Obscurantism.png ignorance and absolutism. Based on rationalism and File:Empiricism.png empiricism, it sought to File:Reform.png transform society through File:Liberty.png individual liberties, File:Equality.png equality, and secularism, laying the foundations for modern democracy.

Influenced by

The philosophers of ancient File:Cball-Greece.png Greece were the first to explore the powers and uses of reason. The File:Res Publica.png Romans adopted and preserved much of Greek culture, including in particular the ideas of a rational File:Natural Order.png natural order and File:NatLaw.png natural law. However, amidst the turmoil of the Roman Empire, a new concern for personal salvation arose, paving the way for the triumph of Christianity. Christian thinkers gradually found uses for their File:SPQR.png Greco-Roman heritage. The system of thought known as File:Scholasticism.png Scholasticism, culminating in the work of Thomas Aquinas, revived reason as a tool for understanding. In Aquinas's work, Aristotle provided the method for attaining truth that was determinable only by reason, and while Christian revelation contained a higher truth, Aquinas placed natural law, which was evident to reason, as subordinate to, but not in conflict with, eternal and divine law.

The intellectual and political edifice of Christianity, seemingly impregnable in the File:Medi1.png Middle Ages, in turn crumbled under the attacks of File:Humanismpix.png humanism, the File:RenaissanceHumanism.png Renaissance, and the File:ProtTheo.png Protestant Reformation. Humanism gave way to the experimental science and the mathematical investigations. The Renaissance rediscovered much of File:Histval.png classical culture and revived the notion that human beings were creative beings, while the Reformation challenged the monolithic authority of the Catholic Church. For File:Lutheran Theocracy.png Martin Luther, as for File:FBacon.png Bacon and File:Descartes.png Descartes, the path to truth lay in the application of human reason: against medieval File:Theocrat.png theocentrism, from the Renaissance anthropocentrism of the Reformation, each person had the right to be their own priest and to have a personal or Christocentric relationship with File:TriuneGod.png God, and for this they had to be able to read the Scriptures in their own language, so education became widespread, at least in Northern Europe: nothing less than the future depended on it. than salvation. Both the Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation were less movements for File:Freespeech.png intellectual freedom than changes in authority, but, insofar as they appealed to different authorities, they contributed to the breakdown of the uniform community of thought.

Origin

The Enlightenment was preceded by and overlapped with the File:Scientist.png Scientific Revolution and the rationalist philosophy of File:Descartes.png Descartes, File:Fishe.png Hobbes, File:Spinoza.png Spinoza, and File:JohnLocke.png John Locke. Some place the beginning of the Enlightenment with the publication of File:Descartes.png René Descartes' Discourse on the Method in 1637, with its method of systematically doubting everything unless there is a well-founded reason for accepting it, and which includes his famous statement, "I think, therefore I am." Others cite the publication of File:Newton.png Isaac Newton's Principia Mathematica (1687) as the culmination of the Scientific Revolution and the beginning of the Enlightenment.

General History

The 18th century, in general, was an era of progress in File:Rational.png rational knowledge and the refinement of File:Scientocracy Small.png scientific techniques. It was a period of enrichment that empowered the new bourgeoisie, although the traditional rights of the privileged orders were maintained within the absolutist monarchical system. However, the history of the 18th century comprises two distinct phases: the first represents a continuation of the File:Feud.png Old Regime (until the 1770s), and the second, marked by profound changes, culminated in the File:Cball-(NE)USA.png American Revolution, the File:FrenchJacobin.png French Revolution, and the Industrial Revolution in England.

This current of thought advocated reason as the means to establish an ethical system. Between 1751 and 1765, the first File:EncyclopedieAlt.png Encyclopédie, by File:Diderot.png Denis Diderot and Jean Le Rond D'Alembert, was published in File:Cball-FranceKingdom.png France, aiming to compile Enlightenment thought. They wanted to educate society, because a cultured society that thinks for itself was the best way to ensure the end of the Old Regime ( absolutism and File:Dictatorship.png dictatorships rely on the File:Obscurantism.png ignorance of the people to dominate them). Other Enlightenment thinkers such as File:Montesquieu.png Montesquieu, File:Rousseau.png Rousseau, and File:Voltaire.png Voltaire collaborated on its writing.

The File:Intellectual.png intellectual leaders of the encyclopedist movement considered themselves the File:Elitism.png elite of society, whose primary purpose was to lead the world toward File:Prgess.png progress, pulling it out of the long period of tradition, File:Fundamentalism.png superstition, File:Irrat.png irrationality, and File:Tyranny.png tyranny-despotism (a period they believed began during the so-called File:Medi1.png Dark Ages). This movement provided the intellectual framework for the File:Cball-(NE)USA.png American Revolutionary War and the File:FrenchJacobin.png French Revolution, as well as the rise of capitalism and the birth of socialism.

Prominent Enlightenment philosophers such as File:Voltaire.png Voltaire and File:Rousseau.png Jean-Jacques Rousseau questioned and criticized the very existence of institutions such as the Church and the absolutism of the State. When they became disillusioned with so-called File:Enlightmon.png enlightened absolutism, the Enlightenment transformed into Liberalism and frustrated File:Reform.png reformism led to File:InfRevolutionaryism.png revolution.

The Enlightenment would not have existed had it not been preceded by a weakening of the power of the Church due to the File:Lutheran Theocracy.png Protestant Reformation, which divided the Christian world; and by File:Humanismpix.png humanism, a philosophical movement that centered on man the object of earthly concerns, taking away that privilege from religion and rejecting File:Theocrat.png theocentrism.

Influenced

The Enlightenment profoundly influenced the transformation of Western society during the 17th and 18th centuries, promoting the use of reason, science, and freedom over religious dogma and absolutism. It spurred political revolutions, human rights, the separation of powers, economic liberalism, and scientific advancements.

Intellectuals

Main Intellectual

(this section talks about the most important intellectual to the movement)

Foundations and Beliefs

Tenets

(main principles and assumptions the ideology holds)

Theory/Belief 1

(a belief or theory the ideology holds)

Theory/Belief 2

(a belief or theory the ideology holds)

Theory/Belief etc

(goes on for as long as it needs to)

Framework

(this section puts all the beliefs into a larger cohesive framework and makes them mix with each other)

Misc

(random stuff that doesn't fit in any of those categories)

Variants

Internal conflicts in ideology

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Factions in Ideology

(these are the general positions members in the ideology take i.e. some take a more conservative line)

Sub-Ideologies

Sub-Ideology 1

(this section is for explaining the component ideologies)

Sub-Ideology 2

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Sub-Ideology etc

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Schools of Thought

(this is for explaining different interpretations of the ideology)

School of Though 1

(this is for explaining different interpretations of the ideology)

School of Thought 2

(this is for explaining different interpretations of the ideology)

School of Thought etc

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Regional Tendencies

File:Marquis de Sade.png Marquis de Sade Thought/Sadism

The Marquis de Sade (1740–1814) was a French nobleman, philosopher, and prolific writer whose life was marked by scandal, imprisonment, and controversy. Born into an aristocratic family, he initially benefited from privilege but often clashed with the institutions and moral codes of his time, resulting in repeated incarcerations for libertine sexual behavior and political agitation. His personal history is inseparable from the French Revolution and the tumultuous transition from feudal monarchy to revolutionary republicanism, shaping both his radical worldview and literary output.

De Sade’s writings were deeply critical of established social and political hierarchies. While born into the aristocracy, he rejected its traditional obligations, embracing anti-elitism, anti-feudalism, and anti-conservatism in both thought and practice. He opposed Bonapartism, File:CapAnti Clerical.pngclerical authority, and broader religious influence, aligning instead with secular, Enlightenment-inspired critiques such as File:EncyclopedieAlt.pngEncyclopédisme and File:Voltaire.pngVoltairianism. Despite his aristocratic origins, he advocated for republican forms of government and egalitarian principles, challenging inherited privilege and feudal social orders.

Philosophically, de Sade synthesized a highly individualistic and transgressive worldview. His embrace of benevolent egoism placed the pursuit of personal desire at the center of moral inquiry, rejecting traditional altruism and conventional humanism . He combined File:Hobbes.pngHobbesian and File:Spinoza.pngSpinozist influences to articulate a form of File:ExisNil.pngexistential nihilism and File:MoralNihil.pngmoral nihilism, arguing that conventional ethics were socially constructed rather than divinely ordained or rationally necessary. At times, he leaned toward File:Maltheo.pngmaltheism, questioning benevolent conceptions of divinity and morality.

Sexuality was central to both de Sade’s life and thought. He developed theories of File:Libertine.pnglibertinism, File:Sixlib.pngsexual liberationism, and File:Eroticism.pngeroticism, pushing against traditionalism and File:Moralism-icon.pngmoralism to explore human desire in its most extreme forms. His exploration of pleasure, pain, and power in sexual conduct gave rise to his controversial reputation and coined the term sadism. These writings often intersected with File:Transgression.pngtransgressivism and satirism, using shock and satire to critique societal norms, religious hypocrisy, and political authority. While allegations of early feminist sympathies exist, his perspective on gender remains deeply complex and debated, reflecting both radical critique and personal indulgence.

De Sade also engaged with broader intellectual currents, including File:Materialism.pngFrench materialism, File:Rousseau.pngRousseauism, and internationalist ideas, positioning himself in opposition to authoritarian structures while exploring revolutionary social change . His life and works underscore a continual tension between philosophical rigor and transgressive provocation, blending existential inquiry, libertine experimentation, and critique of societal, religious, and political institutions. Through his radical writings, de Sade left a lasting imprint on thought, sexuality, and the philosophy of freedom, challenging conventions and provoking enduring debate over ethics, desire, and power.

File:Fichteanism.png Fichtean Idealism

Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762–1814) was a German philosopher, widely recognized as a foundational figure in German idealism following Immanuel Kant. Born in Rammenau, Saxony, he rose from modest origins through rigorous study and became a leading intellectual in late 18th- and early 19th-century Germany. Fichte’s career unfolded against the backdrop of the Napoleonic Wars, the French Revolution, and the broader upheaval of Europe, which profoundly shaped his political and philosophical outlook. His early works established him as a defender of German intellectual autonomy, emphasizing the self as both the foundation of knowledge and a vehicle for moral and national duty.

Politically, Fichte combined File:Col.png Collectivism and Centralism inclinations with a strong sense of File:Cultural Nationalism.png Cultural Nationalism. He was critical of the Napoleonic order and celebrated German national identity, advocating for social cohesion and civic responsibility. His ideas often blended with Jacobins’ revolutionary principles, reflecting a commitment to mobilizing society around moral and national imperatives. Fichte occasionally faced accusations of atheism and File:Nihil.pngnihilism due to his radical reinterpretations of metaphysics and the divine, though his later works indicate a movement toward moralized spirituality and engagement with File:ProtTheo.pngProtestant theocratic ideals.

Economically and socially, Fichte’s writings displayed a blend of File:Merc.pngmercantilism, File:Paternalism.pngpaternalism, and File:Modcultnat.pngpatriotism, envisioning a state that actively directed industry, education, and social welfare to achieve collective well-being. He argued for moral responsibility of the individual in the context of the nation, promoting ideas that anticipate File:Panhumanism.pngpanhumanism in his later works—an ethical framework emphasizing global human solidarity while maintaining strong national coherence.

Culturally, Fichte was a Francophile, reflecting admiration for French intellectual developments, yet he remained critical of French political dominance over Germany. He supported File:Freemason.pngfreemasonry and other philosophical networks that promoted rationalist and civic virtues, seeing these institutions as essential to moral and political cultivation. His philosophical system, often called Fichtean Idealism, merged metaphysical rigor with ethical nationalism, stressing the self’s active role in shaping both personal and societal destiny.

Fichte’s thought remains a cornerstone in the development of German idealism and modern philosophy, bridging the ethical demands of individual consciousness with the obligations of collective life. His blending of atheism, centralism, collectivism, and moral-national duty reflects a consistent project: constructing a philosophy where the self is both autonomous and inseparable from the moral and cultural life of the nation, a synthesis that influenced later thinkers in both philosophical and political domains.

Regional Tendency etc

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Personality and Behaviour

Enlightenment within the comics is usually portrayed as a middle-class philosopher and a stereotypical enlightened thinker.

How it acts

(how the ideology reacts to other ideologies generally)

Aesthetics

(the general aesthetics of the ideology)

Stylistic Notes

(generally small facts about the ideologies behaviour or looks)

How to draw

Symbols

A candle is used to symbolize the Enlightenment.

Flags

File:Enlightenment flag1.svg

Flag of Enlightenment Thought (Candle design)

Props

An Enlightenment wig is an encouraged accessory.

Drawing

1. Draw a ball with eyes
2. Draw a candle handle
3. Draw a candle which is glowing on the handle

And you're done

Color Name		HEX	RGB
	White	#FFFFFF	rgb(255, 255, 255)
	Yellow	#FFF200	rgb(255, 242, 0)
	Red	#ED131F	rgb(237, 19, 31)
	Black	#141414	rgb(20, 20, 20)
	Grey	#5A5A5A	rgb(90, 90, 90)
	Light Grey	#C4C4C4	rgb(196, 196, 196)

(guide on how to draw the ideology)

Alternate Designs

(guides of the alternate designs)

Variation Designs

(guides of the variant designs)

Relationships

Illuminated

• File:Scientocracy Small.png Scientocracy - I'm an intellectual too! Let us find the ways of reason and sensory!
• Classical Liberalism - Freedom is an inalienable right of all men.
• Liberalism - You're his grandson are you? You managed to be the dominant ideology, protecting our natural rights. I'm proud of you, my child.
• File:Radlib.png Radicalism - All men are born free and equal.
• Feminism - Women, too, are equal to men. Ignore the fact that File:Rousseau.png Rousseau and File:Hegel.png Hegel hated you and supported File:Pat.png Patriarchy.
• Jacobinism, File:Plain.png La Plaineism & Girondism - Good job abolishing the ancien regime and creating a democratic republic.
• Republicanism - A more fair and virtuous form of government.
• Anti-Authoritarianism - A lot of my works were criticizing the human rights abuses of authoritarian monarchies, and I was censored for it.
• File:Enlightmon.png Enlightened Absolutism - The only monarchy worth a damn.
• Nationalism - Long live the national fraternity!
• Progressivism - I like that you advocate for social progress just like I did back in my day. Keep fighting for justice!
• Capitalism - Good job on replacing feudalism and providing a more humane alternative.
• Conservative Liberalism - One of the more rational conservatives.
• National Liberalism - Nationalism with Classical Liberalism is based and also another rational conservative.
• Neoconservatism, File:Neobert.png Neo-Libertarianism, & Neoliberalism - You spread my principles of freedom and democracy across the world.
• Kemalism - Thank you for introducing my ideas to the Middle East.
• Tridemism - And thank you for introducing my ideas to China.
• Socialism - My leftist grandson.
• Liberal Socialism - them combined into one ideology. That's based!
• Marxism - Leftist son.
• File:DeFran.png De Francism - Based South American socialist who was inspired by Rousseau’s social contract.
• File:Radcent.png Radical Centrism - The fact that you're an avid fan of File:Radlib.png him gives me very good vibes about you.

Gray Area

• File:NeoEnl.png Neo-Enlightenment - Listen, I like your dedication to my values and ideas, but stop acting like you're the same as me.
• Revolutionary Progressivism - I want to rid of the old social orders too, but this is a tad much, don't you think? You put the revolutionary passion over rationality, jeez.
• File:Illum.png Illuminatism - Goddamn oligarch totalitarian, you're everything we set out to destroy. W-W-Weishaupt?
• State Liberalism - ...what the hell ARE you?! You're even more insane than him, and that's saying something.
• Traditionalism - I don't necessarily oppose you, but you have to embrace more empiricism and rationalism instead of past dogmatism.
• Conservatism - You need to stick less to tradition.
• File:Tradcon.png Classical Conservatism - Father of above, an old rival, but you're more tolerable and reasonable than compared to other anti-illuminists especially nowadays File:EnochPowell.png File:Rees-Mogg.png File:Scrutonism.png.
• Paleoconservatism - American version of above, we both like the foundation of his country, but he sometimes can become a File:Paleoreact.png reactard.
• File:Frankfurt.png Frankfurt School - Oh come on! I am not a totalitarian! Why do you hate me? Your teachings are completely in line with me.
• National Conservatism - I like that you embrace people's sovereignty and the nation-state, but you need to calm down on the patriotism.
• Reactionary Liberalism, File:Reactlib-icon.png Reactionary Libertarianism, File:Hoppef.png Hoppeanism & File:Korwinism-Pikselart.png Korwinism - WTF? Unless I can still work with them, plus File:Therm.png Thermidorians are good.
• File:Nrx.png Neoreactionaryism - I don't know what to think of you. You call yourself a reactionary, but you still support my File:Kant.png children .
• Alt-Lite - Most of you are ok but File:CandaceOwens.png Owens, File:SteveBannon.png Bannon, and File:Walsh.png Walsh are terrible.
• File:Feuillant.png Feuillantism - Nice try, but too tame.

Left in the dark

• Absolute Monarchism - How much of this "divine right" is legitimate and not a justification to abuse your authority unquestioned?
• File:Feud.png Feudalism - Lol feudalism is no more.
• File:Merc.png Mercantilism - Same for you except for your File:NeoMerc.png modern version which is my great-great-grandson?
• File:CountEn.png Counter-Enlightenment - File:Hangman.png OW, you darkness, you dark, midnight, evil motherf***er, OW, dark ages, darkness! You're all darkness, you're f***ing delirious motherf***er, OW!
• Reactionaryism - You're not snuffing out my ideas that easily.
• Reactionary Modernism - WHAT, NO! WHY! Nooooo technology and reactionary thought are incompatible!!! You also need to see the light in a literal way.
• File:Carlism.png Carlism - Bites the dust! File:Franco.png Oh wait...
• File:BlackHundred.png Black Hundredism - Another one bites the dust! Oh wait again...
• File:Heart-Integralism.png Integralism - Trust not your faith in what you're told but find out for yourself via reason and science.
  • File:Heart-Integralism.png Every day the society of today gets worse for the average man, the closer you are to death. Cease peddling false light.

• • File:Enlightenment.png And yet your ideal society of superstition, tyranny and stagnation would be better?

• Ilminism - Illuminism, not Ilminism!
  • Hey, it's not my fault that my name is Ilminism in English!

• Reactionary Socialism - You literal oxymoron why do you hate me so much while being a socialist which is an enlightenment ideology?

Misc relationship sections

(this is for misc relationship sections, check out Anarcho-Egoism's relationship section)

Bibliography

Literature

Primary Literature

Insert intellectual of movement

(here goes a list of literature from the main intellectual of the movement)

Insert intellectual 1

(here goes a list of literature from a more minor intellectual of the movement)

Insert intellectual 2

(here goes a list of literature from a more minor intellectual of the movement)

Collection of Literature

• Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy by File:Descartes.png René Descartes (1637 and 1641)

• Pierre Gassendi and the Birth of Early Modern Philosophy by Pierre Gassendi (1655)

• Maxims by François de La Rochefoucauld (1662)

• Pensees by Blaise Pascal (1670)

• Theological-Political Treatise by File:Spinoza.png Benedict De Spinoza (1670)

• Ethics by File:Spinoza.png Benedict De Spinoza (1677)

• A Letter Concerning Toleration by File:JohnLocke.png John Locke (1689)

• Two Treatises of Government by File:JohnLocke.png John Locke (1690)

• An Essay Concerning Human Understanding by File:JohnLocke.png John Locke (1690)

• Some Considerations of the Consequences of the Lowering of Interest and the Raising the Value of Money by File:JohnLocke.png John Locke (1691)

• Discourses Concerning Government by Algernon Sidney (1698)

• The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits by Bernard Mandeville (1714)

• Philosophical Selections by Nicolas Malebranche (1715)

• Cato's Letters by John Trenchard and Thomas Gordon (1720)

• The New Science by Giambattista Vico (1725)

• An Inquiry into the Original of Our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue by Francis Hutcheson (1725)

• An Essay on the Nature and Conduct of the Passions and Affections, with Illustrations on the Moral Sense by Francis Hutcheson (1728)

• A Modest Proposal and Other Writings by File:RightSatirism.png Jonathan Swift (1729)

• Letters Concerning the English by File:Enlightmon.png Voltaire (1734)

• A Treatise of Human Nature by File:DavidHume.png David Hume (1740)

• Machine Man and Other Writings by Julien Offray de La Mettrie (1747)

• The Spirit of the Laws by Baron de Montesquieu (1748)

• An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding by File:DavidHume.png David Hume (1748)

• An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals by File:DavidHume.png David Hume (1751)

• The Law of Nations Treated According to the Scientific Method by Christian Wolff (1754)

• A System of Moral Philosophy by Francis Hutcheson (1755)

• An Essay on Economic Theory: Essay on the Nature of Trade in General by Richard Cantillon (1755)

• A Review of the Principal Questions in Morals by Richard Price (1758)

• De L'esprit, Or, Essays On the Mind, and Its Several Faculties by Claude Adrien Helvétius (1758)

• The Economical Table by File:Quesnay.png Francois Quesnay (1758)

• Essays: Moral, Political and Literary by File:DavidHume.png David Hume (1758)

• The Theory of Moral Sentiments by Adam Smith (1759)

• Christianity Unveiled by Baron d'Holbach (1761)

• Emile; or On Education by File:Rousseau.png Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1762)

• The Basic Political Writings by File:Rousseau.png Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1750-1762)

• Reveries of the Solitary Walker by File:Rousseau.png Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1782)

• The Confessions by File:Rousseau.png Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1782)

• Lectures on Jurisprudence by Adam Smith (1763)

• Lectures on Justice, Police, Revenue and Arms by Adam Smith (1763)

• Classical Republican in Eighteenth-Century France by Gabriel Bonnot de Mably (1763)

• Treatise On Toleration by File:Enlightmon.png Voltaire (1763)

• Philosophical Dictionary by File:Enlightmon.png Voltaire (1764)

• On Crimes and Punishments by Cesare Beccaria (1764)

• On Natural Rights by File:Quesnay.png Francois Quesnay (1765)

• An Essay on the History of Civil Society by Adam Ferguson (1767)

• An Essay on the First Principles of Government, and on the Nature of Political, Civil, and Religious Liberty by Joseph Priestley (1768)

• The Sacred Contagion: The Natural History of Superstition by Baron d'Holbach (1768)

• System of Nature by Baron d'Holbach (1770)

• Turgot Collection by File:Physiocracypix.png Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot (1770)

• Good Sense Without God: The Revolutionary Treatise on Free Thought by Baron d'Holbach (1772)

• Encyclopedic Liberty by Denis Diderot, Henry C. Clark, and Jean le Rond d'Alembert (1751-1772)

• Common Sense by File:Paine.png Thomas Paine (1776)

• Commerce and Government: Considered in Their Mutual Relationship by Étienne Bonnot de Condillac (1776)

• An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith (1776)

• Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion by File:DavidHume.png David Hume (1779)

• A Treatise Concerning Civil Government by Josiah Tucker (1781)

• Dangerous Liaisons by Pierre Choderlos De Laclos (1782)

• Political Writings by Denis Diderot (1784)

• Dialogue Between A Priest And A Dying Man by File:Marquis de Sade.png Marquis de Sade (1782)

• The 120 Days of Sodom by File:Marquis de Sade.png Marquis de Sade (1785)

• Aline and Valcour, Vol. 1: or, the Philosophical Novel by File:Marquis de Sade.png Marquis de Sade (1788)

• Aline and Valcour, Vol. 2: or, the Philosophical Novel by File:Marquis de Sade.png Marquis de Sade (1788)

• Aline and Valcour, Vol. 3: or, the Philosophical Novel by File:Marquis de Sade.png Marquis de Sade (1788)

• Justine, or the Misfortunes of Virtue by File:Marquis de Sade.png Marquis de Sade (1788)

• Philosophy in the Bedroom by File:Marquis de Sade.png Marquis de Sade (1795)

• Juliette by File:Marquis de Sade.png Marquis de Sade (1799)

• The Limits of State Action by Wilhelm von Humboldt (1790)

• Reflections on the Revolution in France by Edmund Burke (1790)

• Rights of Man by File:Paine.png Thomas Paine (1791)

• Agrarian Justice by File:Paine.png Thomas Paine (1797)

• Mary Wollstonecraft Philosophical and Political Writings Collection by File:Wollstonecraft.png Mary Wollstonecraft (1797)

• Condorcet: Political Writings by Nicolas de Condorcet (1788-1794)

• Answering the Question: What Is Enlightenment? by File:Kant.png Immanuel Kant (1784)

• Logic by Immanuel Kant and Gottlob Benjamin Jäsche (1800)

• Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime and Other Writings by File:Kant.png Immanuel Kant (1764)

• Critique of Pure Reason by File:Kant.png Immanuel Kant (1781)

• The Metaphysics of Morals by File:Kant.png Immanuel Kant (1785)

• Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science by File:Kant.png Immanuel Kant (1786)

• Critique of Practical Reason by File:Kant.png Immanuel Kant (1788)

• Critique of Judgment by File:Kant.png Immanuel Kant (1790)

• Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason by File:Kant.png Immanuel Kant (1793)

• To Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch by File:Kant.png Immanuel Kant (1795)

• Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals by File:Kant.png Immanuel Kant (1797)

• Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View by File:Kant.png Immanuel Kant (1798)

• Lectures and Drafts on Political Philosophy by File:Kant.png Immanuel Kant (1799)

• Opus Postumum by File:Kant.png Immanuel Kant (1804)

• Kant’s Critical Philosophy: The Doctrine of the Faculties by Gilles Deleuze (1967)

• Kant and Political Philosophy: The Contemporary Legacy by Ronald Beiner and William James Booth (1993)

• Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment by Alan Charles Kors (1815)

Secondary Literature

(here goes a list of literature by people outside of the movement about the movement)

Periodicals

(here goes a list of publications and journals the ideology had)

News

(here goes a list of news about the movement)

Mainstream News

(here goes a list of news from the mainstream about the ideology)

Interviews

(here goes a list of interviews of people in the movement)

Quotes

(here goes a list of quotes by intellectuals in the movement)

Further Reading

(here goes a list of further reading by peripheral movements)

Misc Texts

(texts that do not fit into any of these categories)

Further Information

(here would be a list of similar movements with pcb articles check out CyberFeminism as a good example

Websites

(here go websites related to the movement)

File:Wikipedia.png Wikipedia

• Age of Enlightenment
• Enlightenment Philosophy
• American Enlightenment
• French Enlightenment
• German Enlightenment
• Italian Enlightenment
• Scottish Enlightenment

Philosophyball

• Enlightenment

Online Communities

(here go online communities of the movement)

File:Reddit.png Subreddits

(here goes subreddits of the movement)

File:YouTube.png Videos

(here go videos about or of the movement)

People

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Organizations

Political Parties

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Groups

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Misc

(here go goes stuff that doesn't fit in any of the categories)

See also

(a list of links to more information)

Gallery

Comics

• u/K-Tech2 Source
  u/K-Tech2 Source

Portraits

• File:Enlightenment1.png

Portraits of Variants

(here go portraits of the variants of the ideology)

Portraits of Alternate Designs

(here go portraits of the alternate designs of the ideology)

Compasses

(here go compasses including the ideology check out CyberFeminism as a example)

Citations

Notes

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