Wiki is in the process of importing stuff
Please be patient
"I am not interested in ratings by File:FreedomHouseBall.png Freedom House or whatever. At the end of the day, is Singapore society better or worse off?"
Authoritarian Capitalism (AuthCap), is an economically
right wing, File:Sec.png authoritarian, and culturally File:Cultcenter.png ambivalent ideology advocating for a system in which a
capitalist market economy exists alongside an File:Sec.png authoritarian government. Authoritarian capitalists argue that by utilizing elements of
Capitalism, regimes may more effectively employ modern technologies to suppress dissidence towards government. In addition, it is argued that capitalist free-market policies leads to an increase in authoritarian policies. The core of this argument lies in the view that citizens will support whichever regime provides the most material comforts.
Authoritarian capitalism is often associated with, and mistaken for, File:Statecap.png State Capitalism, an economic system in which the state undertakes business and commercial economic activity, and where the means of production are organized and managed as state-owned enterprises. The former has a higher degree of economic liberalization than the latter.
Variants
[edit]File:ModAuthCap.png Moderate Authoritarian Capitalism
[edit]Moderate Authoritarian Capitalism is an ideology which views the synthesis of Authoritarianism and Capitalism through a moderate approach.
History
[edit]- File:Batista.png Rafael Guas Inclán - Rafael Guas Inclán was president of the Liberal Party of Cuba, former governor of the province of Havana and former vice president during the Fulgencio Batista government. He was a supporter of the Batista government and was elected mayor of Havana, but he did not take over because of the Cuban revolution, taking refuge in Chile. He supported the CIA and wanted to join Brigade 2506 before the Bay of Pigs invasion, but was rejected because of age, however his son died in the fighting. He died in 1975 of natural causes.
- File:Necon.png Manuel Artime - Manuel Artime was a former military man, who originally fought alongside the rebels against Batista, so much so that after the revolution, Artime participated in the National Institute of Agrarian Reform (INRA) and promoted the work of Comandos Rurales, supporting the then regime. The situation changed after the Cuban government began hunting counter-revolutionaries, in which he resigned from INRA and exiled himself with Jesuits in Havana, later going to the US, receiving CIA recruitment and training, closely involved with officer Gerry Droller. He participated in a group with dex officers, both receiving training and assessments on Useppa Island and in Panama, landing in 1961 by Brigade 2506, participating in the failed Invasion of the Bay of Pigs, being captured by the Cuban government in the same year. He was released in 1962, joining President John F. Kennedy in a welcoming ceremony for the brigade's captives. He participated in the counterrevolutionary unit AMWORLD, with attacks on coastal installations in Cuba, but the unit was abolished under Lyndon B. Johnson. Other things involved would be a failed attempt to assassinate Fidel Castro and organized the Miami Watergate scandal.
- File:Batista.pngFile:Necon.png Erneido Oliva - He was a Cuban soldier who graduated from the Artillery Academy in 1955, being an instructor at the Caribbean School of the US Army in panama canal zone between 1958-59. Even with the purge of the military after the Cuban revolution, he was still appointed Inspector General of INRA, but ended up participating in a group that planned a campaign against Castro in 1960, in which he left the army in the same year, which, along with other 40 young people, was trained in Guatemala by the CIA. He became deputy commander of Brigade 2506, participating in the Bay of Pigs invasion at the behest of Pepe San Roman in 1961, but was caught by the Cuban government in 1962 after the Cuban government ransom the three Brigade leaders. Along with Artime and others captured from the brigade, they sided with John F. Kennedy in a welcoming ceremony and developed a good relationship with Attorney Robert F. Kennedy. It was involved with the Cuban Project, led by Manuel Artime, carrying out coastal attacks in Cuba, having its headquarters in Costa Rica and Nicaragua, but ended up being terminated in the LBJ government, after the death of JFK. Even so, he remained anti-Castro after several military appointments, founding the Cuban-American Military Council (CAMCO) to promote cooperation with the anti-Castro Cuban military. In 2008, Oliveira won the Heritage Award, a few years later he was appointed to the Board of Governors of the United States Organizations (USO) by then President George W. Bush. He ended up dying on January 30, 2020 from natural causes.
The United States File:Conservative Posadism.pngFile:McCarthy.pngFile:CIA.pngFile:FBI.pngFile:HenryKissinger.pngFile:Cheney.pngFile:Agenda47.png
[edit]Main Article: File:Necon.png Neoconservatism
File:McCarthy.png Joseph McCarthy
[edit]See Also: File:Necon.png Neoconservatism
File:McCarthy.png Joseph McCarthy was an American politician and attorney who served as a Republican Senator from the state of Wisconsin from 1947 until his death in 1957. The term "McCarthyism" was coined in the 1950s in reference to McCarthy's widespread File:Anticommunism.png anti-communist paranoia, fearmongering, and allegations that numerous communists and Soviet spies, and sympathizers had infiltrated the United States federal government, universities, and elsewhere. Joseph McCarthy rose to national fame in February 1950, when he asserted in a speech that he had a list of "members of File:CPUSA.png the Communist Party and members of a spy ring" who were employed in the State Department.
From the year 1950 onwards McCarthy frequently exploited Cold War tensions and the fear of communism and even began to investigate File:Gay.png homosexuals working in the foreign policy bureaucracy, on the ground that they were prime candidates for blackmail by the Soviets (See: Lavender Scare). Said baseless accusations against homosexual government workers received wide publicity and gained him a powerful national following.
McCarthy's methods also brought on the disapproval and opposition of many. With the highly publicized Army–McCarthy hearings of 1954, and following the suicide of Wyoming Senator Lester C. Hunt that same year, McCarthy's support and popularity faded. Ultimately, the smear tactics and threats that he used led him to be censured by the U.S. Senate.
File:Benito Juárez.png Juárismo
[edit]Benito Juárez (1806–1872) was a Mexican statesman and national hero who served as president of Mexico during multiple terms in the mid-19th century. Born of Indigenous Zapotec heritage in Oaxaca, Juárez rose from humble beginnings to become a lawyer and later a File:Freemason.pngprominent political leader. His career was marked by efforts to modernize Mexico, defend national sovereignty, and institute liberal reforms, particularly during the tumultuous period of the Reform War (1857–1861) and the French intervention (1861–1867).
Juárez’s political philosophy blended File:AuthLibDem.pngauthoritarian liberalism with File:ClibAuth.pngclassical liberal principles, emphasizing the rule of law, constitutional governance, and civil liberties, while asserting the need for a strong executive to enforce reforms in a fragmented and often violent political environment. He championed File:Abolitionism.pngabolitionism, ending debt peonage and clerical privileges that had entrenched social inequalities, and promoted File:Laicism.pnglaicism and File:CapAnti Clerical.pnganti-clericalism by limiting the political power of the Catholic Church. His policies often reflected File:AuthProgLib.pngauthoritarian progressivism, balancing liberal ideals with decisive executive authority, exemplified by his use of the File:Dictablanda.pngdictablanda (a “soft dictatorship”) to stabilize the nation without undermining the broader reformist agenda.
Juárez’s foreign policy was characterized by File:Americophile.pngAmericophilia and File:Washdem2.pngWashingtonism, drawing inspiration from the United States in matters of republican governance and constitutionalism, while opposing File:Francophobia.pngFrench imperialism and European intervention in Mexican affairs. He defended Mexican sovereignty during the French-imposed reign of File:Antimon.pngEmperor Maximilian I, asserting the principles of File:AuthRep-hat.pngrepublicanism, File:AuthNalib.pngnational liberalism, and File:AuthPrez.pngpresidentialism. His leadership during this period reinforced the legitimacy of File:Consti.pngconstitutional democracy and established the Mexican presidency as a central institution in safeguarding the nation.
Domestically, Juárez advanced File:InsurLib.pnginsurrectionary liberalism, promoting reformist uprisings against conservative and File:AntiReact.pngreactionary forces to achieve File:Reform.pngreformism, File:Fed.pngfederalism, and social modernization. His governance also reflected a commitment to File:AuthRep-hat.pngrepublican ideals, File:Anticon.pnganti-conservatism, and File:Antifeud.pnganti-feudalism, while critics sometimes accused him of File:AntiNative.pnganti-Indigenous sentiment, particularly when reforms disrupted traditional local structures. Juárez’s adherence to File:Lincolnism.pngLincolnism and File:LibAutocrat.pngliberal autocracy underscored his belief that progress required both legal reforms and the disciplined application of state power, cementing his legacy as the father of modern Mexican liberalism and a defender of national sovereignty.
File:LerdoDeTejada.png Lerdismo
[edit]Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada (1823–1889) was a Mexican jurist and politician who served as president of Mexico from 1872 to 1876, succeeding Benito Juárez after his death. A trained lawyer and intellectual shaped by mid-19th-century liberal reform movements, Lerdo played a central role in consolidating the File:Reform.pngReform Laws and strengthening the post-imperial republic. His presidency occurred during the fragile reconstruction period following the defeat of the Second Mexican Empire, and his political conduct reflected a continuation and intensification of reformist liberal governance under strong executive authority.
Lerdo’s ideology can be situated within File:ClibAuth.pngauthoritarian classical liberalism and File:AuthLibDem.png Authoritarian Liberal Democracy, combining File:Consti.pngconstitutional rule with centralized executive power. He upheld constitutionalism, reinforced File:AuthPrez.pngpresidentialism, and operated through a form of File:Dictablanda.pngdictablanda, exercising firm control without dismantling File:Republicanismpix.pngrepublican legal frameworks. His governance embodied File:LibAutocrat.pngliberal autocracy, in which civil institutions formally existed but were guided by a disciplined, top-down leadership structure designed to prevent instability and File:AntiReact.pngreactionary resurgence.
A committed liberal reformer, Lerdo advanced File:AuthNalib.pngnational liberalism, File:Republicanismpix.pngrepublicanism, and File:Reform.pngreformism, continuing the File:Laicism.pngsecularization and modernization projects initiated during the Reform era. His administration deepened laicism and File:CapAnti Clerical.pnganti-clericalism, reinforcing restrictions on ecclesiastical power and promoting a state-centered civil order. His policies reflected pronounced File:Anti-Catholic.pnganti-Catholicism, particularly in enforcing limits on religious institutions’ political influence. Critics and observers have associated aspects of his thought with File:ModerStateathFedora.pngstate atheism, given his uncompromising insistence on subordinating religious authority to civil power. At the same time, some interpretations suggest sympathy for File:ProtTheo.pngProtestant institutional models insofar as he viewed Protestant civic culture as more compatible with liberal republican governance.
Lerdo maintained strong File:Anticon.pnganti-conservatism, File:AntiReact.pnganti-reactionaryism, and File:AntiTrad.pnganti-traditionalism, opposing entrenched clerical and aristocratic privileges. His stance also included File:Antifeud.pnganti-feudalism, targeting inherited hierarchies and corporate landholding systems that obstructed national integration. In foreign affairs, he upheld File:Francophobia.pnganti-French imperialism, defending the sovereignty of the restored republic, while practicing File:AmNeutral.pngAmerican neutralism, avoiding entanglement in external conflicts and maintaining cautious diplomatic distance despite ideological affinities with the United States.
Though opposed to personalist strongmen politics Lerdo paradoxically relied on elements of File:Mil.pngmilitarism to maintain national cohesion and suppress revolts. His administration used the armed forces as instruments of republican defense rather than vehicles of charismatic dominance. This tension between civilian constitutionalism and reliance on coercive capacity defined his political method.
File:Freemason.pngFreemasonry played a formative role in Lerdo’s intellectual and political environment, reinforcing his secular, rationalist outlook and commitment to institutional reform. His presidency sought to stabilize Mexico through centralized authority anchored in law, secular governance, and disciplined modernization. However, opposition to his re-election efforts and dissatisfaction among military leaders culminated in his overthrow by Porfirio Díaz in 1876.
File:DíazOrdaz.png Ordazismo
[edit]Gustavo Díaz Ordaz (1911–1979) was a Mexican politician who served as president of Mexico from 1964 to 1970. A member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), Ordaz rose through the ranks of the party bureaucracy, consolidating a reputation as a disciplined File:RWtech.pngtechnocrat and loyal party functionary. His presidency occurred during a period of economic growth known as the “Mexican Miracle,” yet it was also marked by heightened political repression and authoritarian control. Ordaz’s governance exemplified the continuity of PRI dominance, emphasizing state-led development while suppressing political dissent.
Ordaz implemented a model of File:AuthDevelop.pngauthoritarian developmentalism, promoting protectionist policies and File:Statecap.pngstate capitalism to modernize the Mexican economy. He oversaw infrastructure projects, industrial expansion, and social programs aimed at fostering economic growth while maintaining strong central control. These policies reflected a blend of File:Authsoccap.pngsocial authoritarian capitalism, where economic modernization was paired with strict political control, ensuring that development served state and elite interests rather than democratic participation. The concentration of economic power also enabled File:Klep.pngkleptocratic practices, as the PRI elite-maintained dominance over resources and institutional mechanisms.
Politically, Ordaz presided over an File:IllibDem.pngilliberal democracy that functioned as a File:PRI.pngparticracy, often referred to as the “perfect dictatorship,” where electoral processes existed but were tightly managed by the PRI to secure regime continuity. File:PolState.pngPolice statism played a critical role in maintaining order, particularly in the face of student protests and social unrest. Ordaz’s administration is perhaps most notorious for its handling of the 1968 Tlatelolco massacre, in which the state violently suppressed student demonstrators, underscoring the authoritarian aspects of his presidency and the willingness to employ state force to maintain political control.
Ideologically, Ordaz’s governance incorporated elements of File:AuthNeocon.pngneoconservatism, emphasizing centralized authority, state-led economic management, and social stability over liberal reforms or participatory governance. The integration of File:AuthDevelop.pngauthoritarian developmentalism with PRI hegemony illustrates how Ordaz sought to reconcile modernization with political discipline, consolidating power within a framework that prioritized state objectives over civil liberties. While his administration contributed to economic growth and modernization, it also entrenched authoritarian structures that limited political pluralism and reinforced elite control, leaving a complex legacy of development intertwined with repression.
File:PorfirioDíaz.png Porfirism
[edit]Porfirio Díaz (1830–1915) was a Mexican military leader and politician who dominated the country’s political landscape for over three decades, a period often referred to as the Porfiriato. Rising through the ranks during the mid-19th century, Díaz initially gained national prominence as a general during the Reform War and the French Intervention in Mexico. He became president in 1876 after leading a revolt against the incumbent government and maintained power through a combination of elections, political manipulation, and occasional force—until 1911, when the Mexican Revolution forced his resignation. His tenure reshaped Mexico’s political, economic, and social structures, leaving a complex legacy of modernization and authoritarian control.
Díaz’s governance was characterized by a blend of File:AuthNat.pngauthoritarian nationalism and File:Caudillo.pngcaudillismo, reflecting his personalistic leadership style and centralization of power. He implemented a strong File:StratocraticCapitalism.pngstratocracy and File:PolState.pngpolice statism, ensuring that the military and security apparatus were central to maintaining order. Political power was concentrated in an File:IllibDem.pngilliberal democracy, where elections were controlled to legitimize his rule rather than provide genuine representation. These mechanisms allowed Díaz to maintain stability but suppressed dissent, marginalizing indigenous populations and local autonomies, reflecting his File:AntiNative.pnganti-indigenous sentiment and hierarchical approach to governance.
Economically and socially, Díaz pursued a program of File:Indust.pngindustrialism, File:RWtech.pngtechno-capitalism, and File:StatePositivism.pngstate positivism, aiming to modernize Mexico’s infrastructure and economy. He promoted railroads, foreign investment, and urban development, relying on an elite class that facilitated File:Oligarchy.pngoligarchic and File:Klep.pngkleptocratic practices. His policies favored European-style industrial growth and technological advancement while consolidating wealth and authority among a narrow elite, demonstrating elements of File:AuthProgconf.pngauthoritarian progressive conservatism. This industrial and technocratic vision intersected with File:Scientocracy Small.pngscientocracy, where technical expertise and modernization justified centralized control, and File:SpencerDar.pngSpencerianism, which rationalized social hierarchies under the guise of evolutionary principles.
Díaz’s rule also emphasized File:Mil.pngmilitarism, with the army playing a dual role as both enforcer of state authority and instrument of national unification. Governance under Díaz aligned with File:Timocracy.pngtimocracy, in which social and political power corresponded to wealth and service, and integrated facets of authoritarian progressive conservatism, reflecting both modernization efforts and the preservation of elite privileges. The Porfiriato’s structured hierarchy, disciplined administration, and focus on economic development typify a state-centered, top-down model of governance that sought stability over liberal democratic experimentation.
The combination of centralized authority, modernization policies, and social stratification left a mixed legacy. While Díaz modernized Mexico and laid the foundations for industrial growth, his administration entrenched inequality, fostered oligarchic control, and suppressed political freedoms. The tension between economic progress and social repression ultimately contributed to the Mexican Revolution, highlighting the consequences of intertwining authoritarian nationalism, militarism, and elite-centered governance under a long-standing personalist regime.
File:Cball-Guatemala.png Guatemala File:JorgeUbico.png
[edit]W.I.P.
W.I.P
- File:Gomez.png Juan Vicente Gómez was a Military general and the dictator of Venezuela during 1908 until 1935.
Juan Vicente Gómez was born on July 24, 1857. In 1899, he joined the private army of File:Klep.png Cipriano Castro, Gómez's friend since Castro's exile to Colombia. This private army swept control of Caracas in the same year and seized control of the country, this event being called the Revolución Liberal Restauradora (Restorative liberal revolution on English.) After the revolution, Castro became Venezuela's president, Gómez being his vice-president, and on 1902, he became the head of the military. In November 1908, Castro abandoned Venezuela due to his health, and leaved Gómez as the provisional president during his absence. On December 19, after rumours of Castro plotting a murder on Gómez, the latter one couped the country and became the president of Venezuela. During his time as the president, he freed political prisoners, did countless reforms to the constitution and implanted ephemeral puppet government to keep him in power, censored the press, but, on the other side, Gómez also gave Venezuela a new name (since Venezuela had a bad reputation on Western due to Castro's conflicts with European countries) created the country's first airline, the Air Force, commissioned constructions for the first airports, and was known as "El Pacificador" (The Pacifier) due to his actions on the Liberating Revolution (not to be confused with the aforesaid Restorative liberal revolution) a civil war perpetrated by other caudillos to topple Castro during 1901 to 1903. Gómez died on December 17, 1935, with 78 years. His mandate lasted 26 (almost 27) years.
File:Cball-Chile.pngFile:Cball-Paraguay.pngFile:Cball-Bolivia.pngFile:Cball-Brazil.pngFile:Argentina.pngFile:Cball-Uruguay.png Operation File:OperationCondor.png Condor File:Pinochet-hat.pngFile:ColoradoParty-Stroessner.pngFile:NDA-Banzer.pngFile:ARENA-Brazil.pngFile:EmílioMédici.pngFile:Videla.pngFile:Bordaberry.png
[edit]Main Articles: File:Necon.png Neoconservatism, File:Pinochet-hat.png Pinochetism, and File:Nazcap-Hat.png National Capitalism, and File:Caudillo.png Caudillismo
File:OperationCondor.png Operation Condor was an operation between 1968 and 1989 in South America, which took governments from the File:Dsa.png left and placed capitalist dictatorships. The operation is known for its anti-communism and being an example of "American imperialism". The affected countries were: File:Cball-Brazil.pngBrazil, File:Argentina.pngArgentina, File:Cball-Uruguay.png Uruguay, File:Cball-Bolivia.png Bolivia, File:Cball-Chile.png Chile and File:Cball-Paraguay.png Paraguay and their supporters were:
- File:Posada.pngLuis Posada Carriles - Luis Posada Carriles was an File:Anticommunism.pnganti-communist militant and terrorist, in which he was responsible for overseeing the capture of
Che Guevara. In the condor operation, he was responsible for carrying out terrorist attacks in File:Castro.png Cuba and the assassination of Orlando Letelier, the main opponent of the File:Pinochet-hat.png Pinochet government. - File:Videla.png Jorge Rafael Videla, File:ColoradoParty-Stroessner.png Alfredo Stroessner, File:NDA-Banzer.png Hugo Banzer - The aforementioned dictators are now very similar, File:Videla.png Videla being the cruelest. In these dictatorships, File:Native.png indigenous peoples were persecuted, economic liberalization, support for File:Nazi.png Nazi refugees and (in File:Videla.png Videla's case) persecution of Jews.
- File:EmílioMédici.png Emílio Garrastazu Médici - Emílio Garrastazu Médici was a Brazilian dictator who took over after the condor operation. The Medici government is known for economic improvement and File:Sec.png Authoritarianism, especially for File:Legalism.png AI5, a law that allows censorship, restricting civil rights and torture. It also banned pornography.
- File:Bordaberry.png Juan María Bordaberry - Juan María Bordaberry was a File:Cball-Uruguay.png Uruguayan dictator who also took over in the condor operation, in the 1973 coup. His system was capitalist and agricultural with inspirations from File:Fash.png Fascism and File:Franco.png Francoism.
- File:Pinochet-hat.png Augusto Pinochet - See: Pinochetism.
File:Cball-Peru.png Peru File:MoralesBermúdez.pngFile:Apra.pngFile:AlbertoFujimori.pngFile:KeikoFujimori.png
[edit]File:AlbertoFujimori.pngAlberto Fujimori
[edit]File:Fujimori.png Fujirmorism arose in 1989 with the creation of the political party "Cambio 90", created by the Peruvian-Japanese politician Alberto Fujimori. At that time, File:Cball-Peru.png Peru was suffering an era of serious File:LeftTerrorist.png terrorism by far-left groups, being the main Shining Path, a group which followed an ideology called "Gonzalo Thought", which was an extremely radical fusion of File:Ormarxf.png Marxism, File:Orthlen.png Leninism and File:Mao.png Maoism.
It is in this climate of terror that Fujimorism easily wins the 1990 general elections against his rival, the File:Demlib.png democratic liberal File:MarioVargasLLosa.png Mario Vargas Llosa, making Fujimori president of Peru.
During his rule, Fujimorism practically destroyed the terrorist groups using unconventional means (repression, assassinations, death squads), and to remain in power, he decided to carry out File:StratoFujimorism.png a self-coup in 1992, turning Peru into a dictatorship.
By 2000, and due to unpopularity, accusations of corruption, and Fujimori health problems, Fujimorism was forced to leave power. Fujimori's daughter File:KeikoFujimori.png Keiko Fujimori has procured a carrier in Peruvian politics in his steed.
Simplistically, Singapore under the People's Action Party (PAP) is the titular example of authoritarian capitalism, in which it is the country with the most economic freedom in the world according to both the 2023 Economic Freedom of the World report published by the Fraser Institute and the 2023 Index of Economic Freedom co-published by the Heritage Foundation and the Wall Street Journal, but is regarded as a File:IllibDem.png partial democracy. According to the File:EIUIcon.png Economist Intelligence Unit, Singapore is a flawed democracy, and File:FreedomHouseBall.png Freedom House gives it a score of 48 out of 100 in the Freedom in the World 2024 report.[34]
However, it should be noted that the PAP takes a nominally pragmatic approach to governance, and its policies are often syncretic and ideologically diverse.
Singapore's authoritarian perception follows from its relatively heavy limitations on speech and other liberties. For instance, by virtue of Singapore's multicultural and multiethnic nature, hate speech and other messages considered divisive are punishable by fine under laws such as the Internal Security Act and Maintenance of Religious Harmony Act.[35] It should also be noted that Singaporean elections are fairly conducted, but allegations of PAP-favoring File:Gerrymandering.png gerrymandering have been made.
Singapore is also notable for stringent drug distribution penalties, with capital punishment used as a deterrent against trafficking illegal substances. Singapore has thus become known pejoratively as the "Disneyland with the death penalty" by Science Fiction writer William Gibson in light of its major socioeconomic success while still administering the death penalty.[36]
- File:LKY.png Lee Kuan Yew - Lee Kuan Yew (1923-2015) was the first Prime Minister of File:Cball-Singapore.png Singapore and is widely considered to be the city state's founding father. Lee was born in Singapore when it was still under File:Cball-UK.png British File:Colonial.png colonial rule as part of the Straits Settlements. During the File:Showa.png Japanese Occupation in the midst of WWII, Lee managed to evade execution as Imperial Japan perpetrated the Sook Ching massacres.[37]
The future leader of Singapore got a job with the Japanese File:Mediastocracy flair.png propaganda department (Hōdōbu) in late 1943, as an English specialist in order to support his family during the period of Japanese-imposed economic hardship. Because of his experiences through the occupation, Lee Kuan Yew believed that no Empire had the right to rule over Singapore and that its would eventually have to push for independence and self-determination.
After the war and Japan's surrender to the Allied Forces, Lee got a Queen's scholarship and went to study abroad in London where his anti-colonial sentiments kept growing. He returned to Singapore in 1950 together with his wife Kwa, determined to end British colonial rule and create a unified and independent File:Cball-Malaysia.png Malaya and File:Cball-Singapore.png Singapore. Lee turned heavily to the Singapore's Chinese-speaking community and trade unions and was willing to cooperate with regional
communist movements as he sought to create a popular front.
This coalition between Lee and left-wing groups became the File:PAP(Singapore).png The People's Action Party (PAP) in 1954. However, the communist wings of the PAP were deemed too violent in protesting for Singapore's independence, and Lee removed those elements from the party.
The People's Action Party won its first electoral victory in the 1959 election and Lee Kuan Yew became the independent Singapore's first prime minister. Singapore initially was apart of Malaysia, but ideological differences and Malaysia's pursuit of malay racial preference led to Singapore being ejected from the union in 1965. Lee and the PAP continued to be elected with a supermajority parliamentary control at every election and oversaw Singapore's transformation from a third-world fishing village into a developed high economy country, with a highly effective, File:Anti-Corrupt.png anti-corrupt and technocratic government and civil service.
Lee eschewed File:Pop.png populist policies in favor long term social and economic planning and did everything he could to attract foreign investment for multinational corporations (MNCs). In particular, Singapore's public education system was developed as a means to develop the human capital of Singapore, incentivising MNCs to establish regional hubs in Singapore due to the skilled workforce. Singapore consistently ranks at the top of the World Bank's "Ease of Doing Business Report."
However, Lee's rule has been described as File:Sec.png authoritarian by critics, with accusations of curtailing press freedoms, imposing narrow limits on public protests, and bringing defamation lawsuits against political opponents. But along with this authoritarianism, Singapore has pursued citizen-benefiting policies in what can be described as a hybrid paternalistic conservatism. For instance, despite these liberal economic policies, the PAP has also pursued many File:Welf.png welfare policies not typically seen in economies as free as Singapore. For instance, purchasable public housing is subsidised, and many types of financial and social assistance are available to struggling Singaporeans.
File:Tripartism.png Tripartite agreements are also a key feature of Singapore's economic model and the government of Singapore plays a central role in facilitating dialogue between employees and employers, especially through institutions such as the National Trades Union Congress (NTUC), which represents workers' interests, and the Singapore National Employers Federation (SNEF), representing employers.
In 1990, Lee Kuan Yew stepped down as Prime Minister and was succeeded by Goh Chok Tong, who served for 12 years until Lee Hsien Loong was elected to parliament and became Prime Minister.
- File:IllibDem.png Lee Hsien Loong File:Neoliberal-icon.png: Lee Kuan Yew's eldest son Lee Hsien Loong has served as Prime Minister of Singapore and Secretary-General of the People's Action Party (PAP) since 2004. Although Lee Hsien Loong isn't quite as authoritarian as his father, other political parties still don't stand much of a chance against the PAP come elections. Press Freedom remains low despite Singapore's high human development.[38]
File:Cball-South Korea.png South Korea File:SyngmanRhee.pngFile:ParkChungHee.pngFile:DemocraticJusticeParty.pngFile:Saenuri.png
[edit]Main Article: File:Ilminism.png Ilminism
- File:ParkChungHee.png Park Chung-hee was a dictator in File:Cball-South Korea.png South Korea and the 3rd head of state in modern File:Cball-South Korea.png South Korea. In his government, the economy grew substantially, as it hears numerous economic miracles, the best known being the sharp drop in mortality and extreme poverty. He was also extremely authoritarian, banned freedom of expression and politics, sent homeless people to forced labor camps, and replaced File:Bud.png Buddhism with File:ProtTheo.png Protestantism, banned the Chinese language and implanted nationalism.
File:Cball-Japan.png Japan File:Meiji.pngFile:Taishō.pngFile:JapImp.pngFile:Yoshida.pngFile:Hoshino.pngFile:LDP(Japan).pngFile:NeoShowa.png
[edit]W.I.P
File:Cball-Philippines.png The Philippines File:Marcos.pngFile:BongbongMarcos.png
[edit]Ferdinand Marcos entered politics in the late 1940s after World War 2. He ran for election in 1965 and won, partially due to his claims of bravery and achievement during the war. During his second term from 1969-1972, Marcos oversaw a debt crisis resulting from his policy of high public expenditure on infrastructure projects. This led to civil unrest and rising political opposition which caused Marcos to declare martial law, placing him in sole charge of the country. His reign would be described as crony capitalist.
His reign lasted until 1986, when Marcos was forced to call a snap election due to his rising unpopularity and coup threats, which ended in various candidates being declared different winners. A revolution followed and Marcos was forced to flee to Hawaii. Marcos seized around $717 million in cash,various crates of valuable objects, gold, and deposit slips totaling $124 million all amassed illegally during his time in power. In all, he is thought to have stolen $5-$10 billion from the Philippines Central Bank. He died in January 1995.
File:Cball-Russia.png Russia File:Stolypin.pngFile:Yeltsin.pngFile:Putin.pngFile:Medvedev.pngFile:Lavrov.pngFile:MikhailMishustin.pngFile:WagnerGroup.png
[edit]Main Articles: File:Authoritarian Conservatism.png Authoritarian Conservatism and File:Klep.png Kleptocracy
File:Yeltsin.png Boris Yeltsin
[edit]- File:Yeltsin.png Boris Yeltsin was a Russian and Soviet politician who served as the first president of File:Cball-Russia.png Russian Federation from 1991 to 1999. Yeltsin was a member of the Communist Party of File:Cball-USSR.png the Soviet Union from 1961 to 1990 and was a supporter of the File:Marketsoc.png perestroika reforms of Soviet leader File:Gorb.png Mikhail Gorbachev. In 1987 he was the first person to resign from the party's governing Politburo, which established his popularity as an File:Pop.png anti-establishment figure.
In 1990, he was elected chair of the Russian Supreme Soviet and in 1991 was elected president of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR). On 18 August 1991, a coup against File:Gorb.png Gorbachev was launched by pro-communist government members opposed to perestroika. File:Gorb.png Gorbachev was held in Crimea while File:Yeltsin.png Yeltsin raced to the White House of Russia which was surrounded by the military, but the troops defected in the face of mass popular demonstrations and File:Gorb.png Gorbachev was rescued. Although restored to his position as General Secretary, File:Gorb.png Gorbachev had lost his support to Yeltsin due to aforementioned events. Taking advantage of the situation, Yeltsin began taking over what remained of the Soviet government, ministry by ministry, and on 6 November 1991, Yeltsin issued a decree banning all Communist Party activities on Russian soil.
On 17 December, in a meeting with File:Yeltsin.png Yeltsin, File:Gorb.png Gorbachev agreed to dissolve the Soviet Union and 8 days later resigned and handed the functions of his office to Yeltsin. On 26 December, the Council of the Republics, the upper house of the Supreme Soviet, voted the Soviet Union out of existence, thereby ending the world's oldest, largest, and most powerful Communist state.
Just days after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, President File:Yeltsin.png Boris Yeltsin of the File:Cball-Russia.png Russian Federation with the help of economic advisors such as File:Chubais.png Anatoly Chubais and Acting Prime Minister File:Gaidar.png Yegor Gaidar initiated a program of radical economic reform that came to be known as File:Neoliberal-icon.png "economic shock therapy", which consisted of rapid privatization of most public assets, complete dismantlement of the welfare state, and removal of all tariffs and regulations. The results were the emergence of a new elite commonly referred to as File:Oligarchy.png "the oligarchs" consisting of former communist officials who became rich through buying up privatized former state-owned industries. Corruption grew rampant and violent crime became increasingly common. Throughout the 1990s, Russia's GDP fell by 50%, vast sectors of the economy were wiped out, inequality and unemployment grew dramatically, and the standard of living fell. Hyperinflation, caused by the Central Bank of Russia's loose monetary policy, wiped out many people's personal savings, and tens of millions of Russian citizens were plunged into deep poverty.
In 1993, President File:Yeltsin.png Yeltsin marked a constitutional crisis commonly described as a self-coup d'état: first, he ordered the execution of members and supporters of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation who challenged his authority. Then he abolished the post of vice president, thereby ousting File:Rutskoy.png Alexander Rutskoy, who challenged his authority. Then, with
US support, he quickly enacted a new Russian Constitution, not entirely legitimate, by a referendum, which expanded the powers of the president and paved the way for the election of people totally loyal to Yeltsin and the File:Oligarchy.png oligarchs to the new parliament, called the "State Duma".
In December 1994, File:Yeltsin.png Yeltsin ordered to invade the breakaway state of File:Cball-Chechen.png Chechen Republic of Ichkeria in an attempt to restore Moscow's control over the republic and resource-rich region. The invasion was met with international outcry as the First Chechen War resulted in tens of thousands of civilian casualties and hundreds of thousands more displayed.
File:Yeltsin.png Boris Yeltsin despite being massively unpopular with the Russian public made the run for a second term in the 1996 Russian presidential election which he won to the dismay of the majority. It is generally believed that Yeltsin won said election through US interference from File:Clinton.png the Clinton Administration which wanted to prevent a return to socialist rule. After his victory, Yeltsin orchestrated all sorts of techniques to prolong his own rule. The de facto leadership of the country were Yeltsin's friends and relatives, as well as dodgy File:Oligarchy.png oligarchs like File:Klepoleg.png Boris Berezovsky and File:Klepoleg.png Roman Abramovich.
File:Medvedev.png Dmitry Medvedev
[edit]File:Medvedev.png Dmitry Medvedev began his official career in 2005, when he was elected deputy prime minister.
In 2007, he was nominated by File:Putin.png Putin as interim president of Russia in place of prominent and popular politicians, and a year later, Medvedev won a fraudulent election. Medvedev has in fact been de facto relegated to the role of figure number two, a kind of vizier of Russia, who can have the same powers as the leader, but cannot take his place or claim it in any way.
After 4 years in power, Medvedev sensationally voluntarily returns the presidency to Putin and resigns as prime minister, a position he held from 2012 until the resignation of his government in January 2020, after which File:MikhailMishustin.png Mikhail Mishustin was elected as Russia's new prime minister.
After his resignation, Medvedev suddenly began to criticize the collective West, and with the launch of the File:Rashism.png 'Special Military Operation', he officially became an File:Antiwest.png anti-Western politician, and in fact advocated imposing a host of sanctions on Russia. Medvedev started advocating for the increased usage of the death penalty and a tightening of various laws.
File:Cball-China.png China File:DengXiaoping.pngFile:Jiang Tze-min.pngFile:ThreeRepresents.pngFile:Hujintao.pngFile:WenJiabao.pngFile:BoXilai.pngFile:XiJinpingThoughtf.pngFile:PinkXi.pngFile:TerrorCapitalism.pngFile:Jack Ma.pngFile:GuoWengui.png
[edit]Main Article: File:Dengf.png Dengism
W.I.P
W.I.P
- File:Nazarbayev.png Nursultan Nazarbayev is a Kazakh politician who served as the first President of File:Cball-Kazakhstan.png Kazakhstan, in office from the country’s independence in 1991 until his formal resignation in 2019, and as the Chairman of the Security Council of Kazakhstan from 1991 to 2022. Nazarbayev began his political career during File:Cball-USSR.png the Soviet Era and served as Prime Minister of the Kazakh SSR from 1984 until 1989 when he became First Secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan (QKP), 1989. In 1990, Nazarbayev was appointed as Kazakhstan's first president by the Supreme Soviet and supported Russian President File:Yeltsin.png Boris Yeltsin against the attempted coup in August 1991 by the Soviet hardliners.
After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Nazarbayev turned Kazakhstan into a File:Klep.png kleptocratic File:Sec.png dictatorship, through the ruling party File:Amanat.png Nur Otan and like many other post-communist countries, as human rights abuses were severe, dissent was suppressed, and elections were not free and fair, with Nazarbayev regularly winning over 90% of the vote. Nazarbayev established a File:Auto.png cult of persona, with schools, streets, and even the country's capital being named after himself. In contrast to other Post-Soviet leaders such as File:Lukash.png Alexander Lukashenko of
Belarus or File:Niyazov.png Sapamurat Niyazov of File:Cball-Turkmenistan.png Turkmenistan, Nazarbayev went beyond File:Statecap.png state capitalism and actively pursued File:Econlib.png privatization of industries and encouraged foreign investment by multinational corporations. During his 3-decade-long rule he managed to balance international relations between both File:Cball-Russia.png Russia,
the US, and File:Cball-China.png China. Nazarbayev went to great lengths to maintain close economic ties with Russia by introducing Kazakhstan into the File:Cball-CIS.png Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the File:Cball-EEU.png Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) while also pursuing close cooperation with File:Cball-NATO.png NATO, and participating in China's Belt and Road Initiative.
Nazarbayev's dictatorial rule would face much resistance on multiple occasions. Most notably by File:Plutocrat.png businessman and political activist File:Ablyazov.png Mukhtar Ablyazov who lives in exile in Europe because of his political activities and corruption charges. In December 2011, opponents of Nazarbayev rioted in the Mangystau region, resulting in 15 people being shot dead by security forces, in what was known as the Zhanaozen massacre and subsequent trials and arrests of protestors revealing widespread torture and abuse of detainees. In March 2019, Nazarbayev finally resigned from the presidency amid anti-government rallies and was succeeded by his close ally File:Tokayev.png Kassym-Jomart Tokayev.
- File:Tokayev.png Kassym-Jomart Tokayev - After Nazarbayev's departure in 2019, Tokayev assumed the presidency of Kazakhstan. After taking office, he adopted some reforms over time, such as decentralization, increasing wages, decreasing corruption, ending capital punishment, a slight decrease in authoritarianism, and other reforms. Economically, he supports the private sector, in addition to adopting fiscal policies (inflation control, tax incentives, etc), increasing cryptocurrency mining, building plants. Even after Nazarbayev left, the Kazak government continued to be extremely authoritarian, as in the case of the "bloody January" that took place after demonstrations against the sharp rise in gas prices, in which the government repressed with an iron fist, with military intervention supported by the File:Cball-CSTO.png Organization of Collective Security Treaty (CSTO), but still protests escalated and became more violent, along with discontent over inequalities and the plight of the government. The government called the protesters terrorists and continued the repression, in total 227 people died and thousands were arrested, in addition to the government taking into account some of the protesters' agenda (inequality, gas price, etc).
W.I.P
File:Cball-Ukraine.png Ukraine File:Lebed.pngFile:Kuchma.pngFile:Yanuk.pngFile:AZOV.pngFile:EurosolidarityUA.pngFile:Zelensky.png
[edit]File:Lebed.png Mykola Lebed: is a Ukrainian politician, one of the leading leaders of the OUN-B. Lybid was the head of the File:OUN-B.png OUN-B security service and one of the founders of the File:UPA.png UPA and UGVR (underground parliament).
File:Kuchma.pngLeonid Kuchma: Second President of Ukraine (1994-2004), father of the Ukrainian oligarchy, red director. During his reign, Kuchma ruled Ukraine using the formula - "The state is me." He concentrated power completely in his hands, suppressed movements and parties opposing him, maneuvered between the East and the West. His rule, which led to the relative stabilization of Ukraine's economy in the late 1990s and the creation of a stable currency, was remembered as absolutist and authoritarian. The last drop of popular anger and discontent was the murder of journalist Heorhiy Gongadze and the falsification of the 2004 elections in favor of his successor. this all led to the Orange Revolution of 2004 and the overthrow of the Kuchma regime.
File:Cball-Uzbekistan.png Uzbekistan File:Mirziyoyev.png
[edit]W.I.P
File:Cball-Tunisia.png Tunisia File:BenAli.png
[edit]W.I.P.
- File:NDP(Egypt).png Hosni Mubarak - Hosni Mubarak was a former president, former vice president and briefly former prime minister, in addition to have had a military career. As a military man, he trained in the Soviet Union, entering the Frunze Military Academy in Moscow, returning to Egypt afterwards. In Egypt, he became commander of the air force academy, in which he doubled the amount of pilots, having a supposed strong participation in the Yom Kippur war, in which the pilots hit 90% of the targets, becoming a national hero. There have been claims that he changed documents in the Yom Kippur war to favor himself, taking credit for Saad El-Shazli (according to the general's daughter), while others claim he played a greater role psychologically.
As vice-president of Anwar Sadat, he tried to disassociate himself and disengage Egypt and other countries from Israel, as in the case that he tried to make a disengagement agreement, but was blocked by the then president of Syria Hafez Al-Assad. He also improved relations with Saudi Arabia and royals, as well as a certain power in international relations and opposing the Camp David Accords.
He came to the presidency in 1981, after the death of Anwar Sadat. As president, Egypt was suspended from membership in the Arab League because of Sadat's previous peace treaty with Israel, but ended up moving even closer to Saudi Arabia. After the alleged threat of Khomeini in the Islamic world and the Iran-Iraq war, there was a rapprochement between Egypt and the League, especially its support for member countries (such as Iraq and Jordan), making Egypt join the Arab League in 1989. Mubarak's government, there was a strong increase in the economy, services, housing, medicines, etc..., in addition to being pro economic freedom and the Egyptian state employing 8 million people. Many accuse him of anti-Semitism and police authoritarianism, also having reports of various methods of torture and sexual abuse by police, as well as an autocracy. He maintained strong relations with the US and a certain dependence on the economy, but there were some divergences between the two and a slight improvement with the USSR. One of the outstanding things about his government was the corruption and family plutocracy, in which there were accusations that his family could have up to 70 billion with illegal activities (bribery, embezzlement, illegal trade...), in addition to increasing corruption involving entrepreneurs. He was a strong opponent of Islamic radicalism, being pro-secularism, in which jihadists have already tried to assassinate him.
After the detonation of a bomb next to a Christian church in Alexandria in 2011, several Christian and Muslim people began to protest against their government and its police brutality, which after the fall of Ben-Ali in the Arab Spring, the protests intensified. After Egypt experienced economic problems, protests reached hundreds of thousands, causing Mubarak to resign in the same year.
- File:NDP(Egypt).png Ahmed Nazif - Ahmed Nazif was Mubarak's former prime minister and former Minister of Communications and Information Technology, known for his combination of technocracy and neoliberalism. As prime minister, he was accused of wasting money and corruption, but the Egyptian courts found him not guilty. As Minister of Communications and Information Technology, he was known for encouraging investment from international markets and IT, in addition to free internet and private markets, also promoting outsourcing, preventing brain drain, increasing the means of communication (even though Egypt is a dictatorship), among other improvements that won him the Medal of First Degree of Science and Art in Egypt.
W.I.P
File:Liber.png Liberia File:SamuelDoe.png
[edit]W.I.P
File:Cball-Rhodesia.pngFile:Cball-Zimbabwe.png Rhodesia/Zimbabwe File:Rhodesian-Front.pngFile:NewMugabe.png
[edit]W.I.P
File:Cball-South Africa alt.pngFile:Cball-South Africa.png South Africa File:NasionaleParty(Apartheid).pngFile:Apartheidism.pngFile:PW Botha.pngFile:KonserwatieweParty.pngFile:MagnusMalan.pngFile:De Klerk.pngFile:Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging.pngFile:ANC-icon.png
[edit]- File:Cball-Ciskei.png Lennox Sebe - Lennox Sebe was the first president, former chief minister and responsible for the independence of the Ciskei Bantustan, also being the founder and leader of the National Independent Party Ciskei.
As president, he ruled Ciskei with an iron fist, creating a dictatorship that persecuted opponents, unions (such as the Allied Workers Union of South Africa, banned in 1983), strikers and even some anti-government family members such as his brother Charles Sebe tried to overthrow him, but failed and was later arrested. After his prison break, Charles kidnapped Sebe's son in 1987, causing Sebe to release some politicians in return. He also had very close contact with Israel, creating a commercial office in Tel Aviv, he even claimed that Israell had given recognition to Ciskei, but the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs denied it.
During a state visit to Hong Kong, Brigadier General Oupa Gqozo staged a coup d'état in 1990, being the penultimate president of Ciskei. After the presidency, he was accused of corruption and human rights violations.
- File:FPR(Rwanda).png Paul Kagame - Paul Kagame is an ethnic Tutsi and the current President of Rwanda, former President of the African Union, former Vice President, former Minister of defense and ex-military from both Rwanda and Uganda. As a military man, he participated in the Bush War and resistance against Idi Amin, joining Museveni's army, FRONASA, later also joining the Popular Resistance Army. Later, along with Fred Rwigyema, they joined the Rwandan Patriotic Front. Along with Fred Rwigyema, they fought in the Rwandan Civil War, with the RPF becoming a guerrilla war against Hutu presidents, who planned to exterminate the Tutsis, triggering the Genocide in Rwanda. Even though he managed to defeat the government, stop the genocide and save lives, many question his methods, especially his appreciation for the power and alleged extremism of some RPF members.
As defense minister, he was accused of attacking Hutu refugees in Congo, as well as having participated in Congo's wars against Mobuto, even though he had allegations of human rights abuse against Kagame. He tried civic nationalism, with a government not dominated by Tutsis, but there were accusations of quarrels against Hutus.
After scandals of corruption and mismanagement, then-President Bizimungu resigned in 2000, leaving the post to Kagame, even though he had claims Bizimungu was a puppet of Kagame. He won 3 elections in 2003, 2010 and 2017, but there were accusations of state interference to ensure Kagame's victory. In his government, there were several improvements, especially economic and social, in general, the most notable measures are:[39]
- Having condemned the main actors involved in the genocide in Rwanda and having condemned the UN's lack of action against the genocide.
- Reduction of extreme poverty that in 2000 was 58.9% dropped to 44.9% in 2012.
- Vaccination of 97% of children against ten different diseases.
- Average increase of 7% of GDP per year.
- Vetoing a bill in 2009 that intended to criminalize homosexuality.
- 61.3% of Rwanda's parliament is composed of women.
- Liberalization and debureaucratization of the economy.
- Investment in poverty alleviation and technology.
- Decreased corruption.
Even with improvements in some aspects, there are still numerous accusations of human rights abuse, such as killing opponents even outside the country, such as the case of Patrick Karegeyana and the attempted murder of Kayumba Nyamwasa. The South African government accuses Kagame of killing opponents in his country. In addition to the Democracy Index classifying Ruando as a dictatorship, more authoritarian than Russia.
- File:ÉdouardNgirente.png Édouard Ngirente - Édouard Ngirente is the current prime minister of Rwanda chosen by Paul Kagame after the 2017 elections, he was also a former mechanical consultant to the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning, former adviser to the Executive Director of the World Bank and former professor at the National University of Rwanda. When prime minister, he encouraged foreign investment, tax payments, environmental preservation, support for Kagame, better relations with other African countries and increased infrastructure.
- File:AyubKhan.png Ayub Khan Ayub Khan was the first military dictator File:Strato-Antifurry.png of Pakistan, he had a laissez-faire File:Lfree.png approach to economics, with few taxes, causing a very powerful elite to form File:Plutocrat.png
Still though Pakistan was one of the fastest growing economies at the the time, and he brought many industrial developments and technological progress with it.
During his rule he banned opposing parties and imprisoned or suppressing political opponents. He also maintained a strict control over the media and censored critical voices.
In addition to these measures, He also implemented a number of policies that consolidated his own power and weakened the institutions of the country, he introduced a new constitution in 1962 that gave him greater control over the government and limited the powers of the parliament.
He is also often accused of sparking division with Bangladesh due to seperationist policies, during his presidency, East Pakistan was largely marginalized and underrepresented in the government and in national decision-making processes. This led to growing resentment among the Bengali population in East Pakistan, who felt that they were being treated unfairly compared to their counterparts in West Pakistan.
Another factor that contributed to the division between East and West Pakistan was his policies on language and culture. In 1952, there had been a major uprising in East Pakistan over the issue of language rights, and many Bengalis felt that their language and culture were being suppressed by the central government. His government took a hardline stance on this issue, which further fueled the discontent in East Pakistan.
W.I.P
W.I.P.
- File:NguyễnTấnDũng.png Nguyễn Tấn Dũng is one of the most influential and notable Vietnamese modern-day politicians who served as the Prime Minister of File:Hochi.png Vietnam from 2006 to 2016. Despite having been part of the File:VietCong.png Viet Cong to topple the US-backed File:Cball-SouthVietnam.png South Vietnamese regime during the Vietnam War he has become notorious for being one of the most right-wing Vietnamese politicians since the country's reunification. During his decade-long reign, Vietnam abandoned any semblance of either
socialism or File:Dem.png democracy and became an File:Authcap.png authoritarian capitalist dictatorship strongly aligned with both western and Chinese File:Corp.png corporate interests (although he at least pretended to oppose File:Cball-China.png China's claims in the South China Sea for nationalist reasons).
Nguyễn Tấn Dũng and like-minded Vietnamese politicians cultivated an environment of corruption and nepotism making the bribery of local officials a necessity for many Vietnamese citizens to get by. Press Freedom deteriorated rapidly during his reign with netizens often being forced to pay heavy fines for criticizing File:CommunistPartyVietnam.png the CPV's regime. Nguyễn Tấn Dũng's influence in Vietnamese politics has decreased significantly in recent times due to losing a power struggle to the current General Secretary of the CPV, File:Nguyễn Phú Trọng.png Nguyễn Phú Trọng.
- File:Febres-Cordero.png León Febres Cordero - León Febres Cordero was a former president of Ecuador, former mayor of Guayaquil, former senator and former deputy. As a deputy in 1966, he participated in the drafting of the new constitution, approved in 1967. In 1968, he was a senator representing the productive sectors until parliament was dissolved in 1970. He ran for president in 1984, for the Christian Social Party, which made a coalition called the Frente de Reconstrución Nacional. With the slogan "Bread, roof and jobs", he won the elections with 51.54%.
In his government, he made a strong confrontation with the parliament, especially for not making a considerable increase in salary, but a little higher than inflation. An important aspect was his fiscal and neoliberal policy, in which he improved the management of public spending, making the economy grow and have surpluses. Another economic aspect of Febres Cordero was the increase in non-oil exports, reaching 1.8 billion dollars, in addition to strong investments in construction (especially hospitals), roads, health and culture, reaching 15% of the central banks , generating 5% profit.
There were numerous accusations of corruption, especially in the armed forces with over-invoicing, being evident in the case that even involved kidnapping, called "El Taurazo". There were several cases of death squads that carried out torture, kidnapping, murder and sexual abuse against some opponents, such as activist Consuelo Benavides. His government had a violent response against the Alfaro Vive terrorist group, ¡Carajo!, dubbed the "fight against crime", even though most of those tortured were not related to the group. There was the elite group escuadrones voadores/escuadrones de la muerte, in which they repressed protests and carried out "social cleansing" against prostitutes, people of the left, LGBT people, some indigenous people and transsexuals. This elite used mutilation and torture that left the survivors with permanent physical deformities, being financed by the private sector. Among other scandals, they did not run in the 1988 elections, being succeeded by Rodrigo Borja Cevallos.
as mayor of Guayaquil, he decentralized and practiced a social market economy and modernization of the city.
Main Article: File:Ethnonat.png Ethnonationalism
W.I.P
File:Cball-BosniaHerzegovina.png Bosnia and Herzegovina File:Dodik.png
[edit]W.I.P
File:Cball-Montenegro.png Montenegro File:DPS.png
[edit]W.I.P
File:Cball-Bulgaria.png Bulgaria File:GERB.png
[edit]W.I.P
W.I.P
Main Articles: File:Ottoman.png Neo-Ottomanism and File:Strato.png Stratocracy
W.I.P.
W.I.P
W.I.P
File:Cball-Azerbaijan.png Azerbaijan File:YAP(Azerbaijan).png
[edit]W.I.P
W.I.P
File:Cball-IraqiKurdistan.png Iraqi Kurdistan File:NechirvanBarzani.png
[edit]Kurdistan refers to Iraqi Kurdistan, the autonomous zone, not the proposal
- File:NechirvanBarzani.png Nechirvan Barzani - Nechirvan Barzani is the current president of Kurdistan, a two-time former prime minister and a former member of parliament. He is a member of the KDP and entered parliament in 1993, in which he made negotiations with the Iraqi government for Kusdistan. In the meantime he was briefly former prime minister.
In the times as prime minister and president, he made several reforms, expanded women's rights, secularism, economic improvement for a time, investments by foreign corporations, developmentalism (education, health, etc) and among others. In 2014, Kurdistan suffered from ISIS in the Middle East and millions of refugees, generating economic recession in the region, in which he helped refugees and later Yezidi captive survivors (3,340 rescues).
Even with the attempt at civic nationalism, there were numerous accusations of discrimination against ethnic minorities, human rights violations, repression of peaceful protests, forcing of Kurdish culture (Kurdification) and other violations. There are allegations of corruption by him and the Barzani family, including systematic corruption, embezzlement of millions of dollars and corruption involving businessmen, most leaked by WikiLeaks.
W.I.P
- File:Eric Gairy.png Eric Gairy - Eric Gairy was a former Prime Minister, former Chief Minister and former Minister of Finance in Grenada. Initially, Gairy was mostly leftist, participating in unions and even founding a labor party, the File:Patcon.png United Labor Party of Grenada, causing him to be banned and lost his seat in 1957-1961. In 1961, he was re-elected and became chief minister and finance minister, but was fired the following year over questioned uses of state funds.
When he became former prime minister, the country was in post-independence civil strife, in which Glairy created a secret police called the Mongoose Gang to pursue political opponents. He rigged the 1976 elections through the use of his secret police, also using it to persecute communists from the New Jewel Movement, generating street violence even with other gangs. In 1978, he sent scientists and an astronaut to the UN to talk about UFOs. Even with the US government helping the then-government, many US citizens supported the anti-Glairy revolutionaries and activists. In 1979, after a visit to the US, there was a rumor that he would kill the New Jewel leaders, in response, Maurice Bishop overthrew the Gairy government and established a File:Moncom.png communist monarchy, even generating anti-Gairy activism in the US.
The American government went into exile from 1979 and 1983, returning to Grenada in 1893, participating in elections which he lost and dying in 1997.
W.I.P
Main Article: File:Moncap.png Monarcho-Capitalism
W.I.P.
W.I.P
W.I.P
File:Cball-Haiti.png Haiti
[edit]W.I.P.
File:Cball-ElSalvador.png El Salvador File:CoolestDictator.png
[edit]File:CoolestDictator.png Nayib Bukele is the president of El Salvador since 2019.
Bukele was born in 1983, out of Palestinian ancestors. In 1999, he finished high school and went to college. However, he left college short after that same year because he found a job in his dad's company making propaganda for the Socialist political party, Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front), which he joined in 2011, launching for the mayoralty of Nuevo Cusclatán, which he won, leaving his work at his dad's companies. During 2012, he described himself as "far-left". After his mayoralty ended, he also launched for the mayoralty of San Salvador, winning again. However, during this mayoralty, Bukele became a centrist and a critic of his party, the FMLN, which led to his expulsion in 2017 after tensions grew. After his expulsion, he ran for president on the 2019 elections, with the coalition Nuevas Ideas (New Ideas) which name reminded of his Nuevo Cusclatán mayoralty, where he reduced criminality and established a third way between the two party system on El Salvador at the time. However, the FMLN and the ARENA tried to ban him for participating, banning for participating in the elections in every party he was in, but eventually they led him and legalized the Nuevas Ideas coalition. He allied with the Social democratic party Cambio Democrático (Democratic Change) for the elections, but short after, the CD party was banned too, so he allied with the liberal conservative party Gran Alianza por la Unidad Nacional (Big Alliance for the National Unity) and he won the primaries. He was elected on February 2019, ending 30 years of the two party system on El Salvador.
Upon his first year, he would reduce the quantity of murders and stablished relationships with the Trump administration and lowered funds for social programs. On 2020, Bukele asked the US for a loan to reorganize the Salvadorean police, and to keep lowering the quantity murders, which was heavily critized by the FMLN and the ARENA. On February 9, Bukele would enter the Assembly, accompanied by soldiers, to talk about the decision, which let to a political crisis in El Salvador, being called a self coup by the opposition. W.I.P
Personality and Behavior
[edit]Authcap combines the behavior of his parents - the greed of capitalism and the power-hungry of authoritarianism. He is very elitist and willing to use the state for personal gain. May or may not like helicopters like his son Pinochetism.
How To Draw
[edit]- Draw a ball with eyes
- Color the ball black
- Draw a yellow inverted triangle in middle of the ball
- Draw a green dollar sign in the center of the triangle
| Color Name | HEX | RGB | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yellow | #FFCC00 | rgb(255, 204, 0) | |
| Green | #008000 | rgb(0, 128, 0) | |
| Black | #141414 | rgb(20, 20, 20) | |
Stylistic Notes/Optional
[edit]- Draw him with a can of oil (as seen in his infobox image)
- Draw him with a stock graph
Relationships
[edit]Board Members
[edit]
Capitalism - I remember when you and Authoritarianism raised me.- File:Sec.png Authoritarianism - Thanks for teaching me all about proper strict governance, dad.
- File:Imp.png Imperialism - Based! Sometimes I may pretend to oppose him for domestic support when in fact I help him maintain control of the economy of his former colonies after decolonization!
- File:Necon.png Neoconservatism - We need to spread capitalism all over the world and gun down any opponent.
- File:Authoritarian Conservatism.png Authoritarian Conservatism - Great business partner.
File:AuthPinkCap.png File:AuthConSoc.png Sometimes. - File:Natcon.png National Conservatism - He usually takes advice from you but be more like the guy above.
- File:Pinochet-hat.png Pinochetism - Love your style of governance, son. Though I don’t understand your love of helicopter rides.
- File:Optim.png Optimateism - My grandfather was extremely based, great job done in the glorious Roman Empire (best proto-capitalism).
- File:Nazcap-Hat.png National Capitalism - You're a Nazi, but Schacht's economic reforms is what truly saved the German economy.
- File:Statlib.png State Liberalism - Me with a cover of woke culture, but your "socially progressive" politics make you too left-wing for my taste.
- File:MegaCorp.png Mega Corporatocracy - This idea sounds extremely interesting.
- File:Corp.png Corporatocracy - Good business partner and I often allow him to participate in politics. You often help me with mass surveillance and union busting.
- File:Klep.png Kleptocracy - Thanks for the lobbying money, I guess...
- File:Strato.png Stratocracy - We work great together.
- File:Urb.png Patchwork - My best friend. We collaborate perfectly in Singapore.
- File:Right-AnEn.png Climate Skepticism - Time to drill some oil and sell air!
- File:Ottoman.png Neo-Ottomanism - Great job in Turkey.
- File:Nrx.png Neoreactionaryism & File:Neocam.png Neocameralism - Lee Kuan Yew fans.
- File:Gaullismicon2.png Gaullism - We work great together in Africa.
- File:Hindutva.png Hindutva - I love your policies, and Modi is based!
- File:ThreeRepresents.png Three Represents File:Jiang Tze-min.png - Best CCP politician in history! I had my doubts about you at first but you eventually opened your eyes and embraced the free market during the late 1990s, and created one of the most greedy and brutal oligarchies in the world. Your foreign policy was excellent as well. Too bad, Winnie the Pooh had to oust you and your Shanghai clique from power.
You should have just dropped the communism name to be perfect. - File:Korwinism-Pikselart.png Korwinism - Best libertarian, specially Korwin himself!
- File:Moncap.png Monarcho-Capitalism - Most of you are great business partners.
- File:CosmoUltranat.png Caracallaism - Me, but Roman.
- File:IslamCap.png Islamic Capitalism - My middle-eastern variant.
Potential Business Partners
[edit]
Anarcho-Capitalism - Cool but why the anarchism?- File:Neoliberal-icon.png Neoliberalism - Good job taking over the world and helping me consolidate power in third-world countries. However, there's no need for you to disguise yourself as a democratic ideology.
- File:Yeltsin.png Yeltsinism - Good job dismantling the Soviet Union, defeating those commies in the Supreme Soviet in 1993, implementing privatization and shock therapy, but your reign was unsuccessful, you were unable to complete your reforms.
- File:Putin.png Putinism - Initially you basically continue Yeltsin’s policy and your reign is a factor preventing the restoration of the USSR, but hatred of the West and rhetoric admiration for the Soviet Union are cringe and you slowly almost became File:Statecap.png them that even more cringe, not to mention that you’re support anti-western leftists around the globe!
- File:Ford.png Fordism - Isn´t this a bit much_
- File:Libcorp.png Liberal Corporatism - You know a thing or two about management but try to take my property and you die!
- File:Statecap.png State Capitalism - Why do people think I'm you? We may both have strong governments, but I don't use it to intervene in the economy while you do. Though still, we could be great business partners if you move to the economic right.
- File:Pinkcap.png Pink Capitalism - Disgust for individual freedom, but some (like Noriega Batista and Kagame) made good use of it.
- File:ChiangKaiShek.png Chiang Kai-shek Thought - Fellow anti-communist dictator who got stabbed many times in the back by the US for not following their orders. However, you're not market-liberal enough when it comes to economics. Killing commies is based but killing rich Shanghai capitalists was not.
- File:Showa-kanmuri.png Showa Statism - Imperial Japan was more capitalist, but less authoritarian during the Meiji and Taishō era, but your staunch anti-communism was admirable.
Ba'athism - Hafez Assad is quite based, Bashar is aided by File:Nazcap-Hat.png my son and Frans van Anraat helped Saddam, but you are closer to State Capitalism and pretend to be socialist.- File:Gaddafi.png Gaddafism - We used to be enemies when you funded and trained so-called "anti-imperialist", militant rebel groups across the world. Our relationship did, however, improve over time as you improved foreign relations with the west and encouraged foreign investment. I'm not sure what to think about your downfall.
- File:Jihad.png Jihadism - Good job against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and against those Kurdish commies, but you put religion over economics.
- File:Pron.png Peronism - Viva Videla! But thanks to Menem for forgiving those involved in the dictatorship and Perón for having supported Colonia Dignidad,[40] even though left-wing Peronism sounds horrible.
- File:Mobutism.png Mobutism - Based leader overall but the US eventually turned on you and with the help of Kagame and Museveni overthrew your regime following the Rwandan Genocide.
- File:Hochi.png Ho Chi Minh Thought File:Đổi Mới.png (Post-1990s-) - I won't forgive you for the Fall of Saigon and destroying South Vietnam but I've been warming up to you since you initiated the Đổi Mới reforms and embraced free-market capitalism during the 1990s. Nguyễn Tấn Dũng is especially based.
- File:Polpot.png Pol Potism - I like to say I hate you but my followers in Thailand, Singapore, and Malaysia supported you against your Vietnamese counterpart.
- File:Khom.png Khomeinism - I won't forgive you for the Islamic Revolution and overthrowing the Pahlavi Dynasty. However, your staunch anti-communism is based and you've gotten better with time But now you are distancing yourself from me because a boss believes in state capitalism and wants to reduce class differences.
- File:Socauth.png Social Authoritarianism - My least favorite business partner. You're walking on very thin ice with your "social" Crap.
Wait, we already have had File:Authsoccap.png a child together?Though File:Duterte.png Duterte is kinda cool. - File:Soccap.png Social Capitalism - Slightly more tolerable than the one above but you're often too soft and democratic. File:LKY.png Lee Kuan Yew, File:AuthcapROC.png Chen Cheng and File:Kenyatta.png Kenyatta are based, however.
- File:Lib.png Liberalism - He occasionally pretends to stand up for "human rights and democracy" but can be a good business partner.
- File:Clib.png Classical Liberalism & File:Libertarian.png Libertarianism - Why are you giving me that bothered look?
- File:3way.png Third Way - Awful social policy. Nevertheless, your interventionism is based.
- File:Austrobert.png Austrian School & File:Chilib.png Chicago School - Both of you have good ideas, but how are you going to implement them in your small state?
- File:Bolsonarism - alt.png Bolsonarism - I would prefer you initially, but I'm in the protests waiting for you to do a military coup!!!
Wait, what the f*ck is this - File:Ike.png Ikeism - Twenty-one years of treason! However, your coups in Iran and Guatemala were based!
- File:Reactlib.png Reactionary Liberalism - Good lib but be more anti-democratic.
- File:LeopoldII.png Leopold II Thought - A big state to favor private companies, BASED!!!! Even so, I'm not much of a friend of yours, since thanks to you, socialism and communism gained strength in Africa and tarnished the image of capitalism (for some).
- File:Gorb.png Gorbachevism - One of the few lefties I can respect. Good job dismantling the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact. Yeltsin took what you started to the next level.
- File:Gorb.png - File:LBubble.pngUhh, thanks? But you should really be congratulating File:GKCHP.png them.File:RBubble.png
- File:Thaksin.png Thaksinism - Listen I know you ain't a commie but your "red shirts" make me legit nervous and stop supporting sam kib mobs and trying to overthrow the Chakri Dynasty. Still, your War on Drugs and handling of the Southern Insurgency was pretty based.
- File:ElonMusk.png Muskism - Improve relations with your father, Errol is based.
- File:Krater.png Kraterocracy - Wow, that's waaay too far, but still MUCH better than reds and anarkiddies.
- File:Whitesup.png White Nationalism - Some of you have cool ideas, but some are just File:AltNazBol.pngFile:AltEnvi.png awful File:NazAcc.png.
- File:Euras.png Fourth Theory - NazBol, but supports some right-wing dictators in Eurasian countries.
- File:USA PSL.pngFile:Grayzone.png Western Tankies File:George.pngFile:ComradeTrump.png - Similar to above. You claim to hate capitalism but constantly simp for some of my followers. Curious.
- File:Cdem.png Christian Democracy - Democracy is bad and some being welfarist is bad, but some of you are File:Mitsotakis.pngFile:De Klerk.png Based File:Febres-Cordero.pngFile:Tudman.png.
- File:Islamic Democracy.png Islamic Democracy - Same as above.
- File:XiJinpingThoughtf.png Xi Jinping Thought - I'll always be nostalgic for the time when Jiang Zemin and the Shanghai Clique ruled China but you exceeded my expectations. You've done nothing about the exploitative practices of Foxconn and Shein you maintained decent relations with Bill Gates and Elon Musk. You also reserved positions for based officials such as Li Keqiang, Wang Qishan, and Li Qiang. However, cool down with the lockdowns. They're incredibly damaging to the Chinese economy.
- File:Cultism.png Cultism - Colonia Dignidad, White Aryan Resistance and Destiny Church are pretty good, but why there are File:Neostalin.png Neo-Stalinists and File:Christcom.png Christian Communists that use you?
- File:LDP(Japan).png Japan LDPism - Please you must go further than this. However, Nippon Kaigi is based and Japan did drop in the press freedom index under Shinzo Abe.
- File:Trumpism.png Trumpism - Hun Sen likes you but please cause an actual riot.
- File:Avar.png Avaritionism - Good only when I give work to him, and he dosen't think, that this is boring.
- File:Yellsoc.png Yellow Socialism - The only tolerable socialist out there, but only as long as he sides with the business owners. Privately-owned unions are somewhat alright, unlike those socialist unions.
- File:Civlibert.png Civil Libertarianism - Yes, I have free markets but no free press or free speech. Problem?
Rabble Rousers
[edit]- File:FreedomHouseBall.png Freedom House - I don’t care at all, being prosperous and stable is better than your good boy points.
But at least you hate commies too.
Socialism - Cringe economic system.
Marxism–Leninism - My archenemy. We used to constantly fight for power in many different countries during the Cold War. It seems like I've won for now.- File:Mao.png Maoism - Even worse than above. You inspired lunatics like Gonzalo, Kaypakkaya, and Sison who attacked my followers. However, your File:Dengf.png son is kinda based.
- File:Juche.png Juche - You're basically File:Mao.png Him on steroids
Thank you for letting Red Velvet perform in your country though[41] - File:Statesoc.png State Socialism - Dictatorship but for the wrong reasons.
- File:Trot.png Trotskyism - A red neocon! What a nightmare! I may despise Stalin but the one good thing he did
besides accepting investment by Fordwas using the ice pick on you.
Anarchism - You are one of the forms of egalitarianism like socialism, and besides, you are their ultimate goal.- File:Synd.png Syndicalism - Try to go on strike you red son of a bitch.
Anarcho-Syndicalism - You make me puke.- File:EcoAnSynd.png Eco-Anarcho-Syndicalism - STOP GOING ON STRIKE AND PROTESTING MY OIL FIELDS DAMMIT.
Anarcho-Communism - The two worst things in the universe combined.- File:Anpostleft.png Post-Leftism - You are even worse than ancom trash, go back to work in an office or I will put a bullet™ in your head.
- File:Mutalist.png Mutualism - Less bad than the last commie anarchist but still quite awful.
- File:Sorelia.png National Syndicalism - Less class struggle but still sucks.
- File:Libsoc.png Libertarian Socialism - Please just die or go away.
- File:Liberalsoc.png Liberal Socialism, File:Bernst.png Reformist Marxism and File:Demsocstar.png Democratic Socialism - You make me laugh What would you even do if I call my friends at CIA and MI6 and make sure you get couped and get replaced with me?
- File:Soc21.pngFile:Boric.png - File:LBubble.png Umm... have our sweet revenge a few decades down the road? File:RBubble.png
- File:Castillo.png - File:LBubble.png Or at the next election? File:RBubble.png
- File:Castro.png - File:LBubble.png Or just kick you out in a revolution? File:RBubble.png
- File:Sukarno.png Marhaenism - Haha communist genocide go brrrr.
- File:Castro.png Castroism - You destroyed Cuba, asshole!
- File:Castro.png - File:LBubble.pngNo, blame yourself for this, Batista. Also, Morales Bermúdez did nothing more but just serving American imperialist interests.File:RBubble.png
- File:Tito.png Titoism - Anti-bureaucratic revolution and the Breakup of Yugoslavia go brrrrr
- File:Hutupower.png Hutu Power - I will never forgive you for the Rwandan genocide!
- File:Illeg.png Illegalism - You want to both rob all my wealth and kill me. You will be thrown from the helicopter after commies.
- File:MLM.png Marxism–Leninism–Maoism - Rest in piss, won't be missed!
Gallery
[edit]Portraits
[edit]-
Original image
Alternative designs
[edit]-
Lee Kuan-yew Thought
-
Babangidism
-
McCarthyism
-
Fujimorism
Artwork and Comics
[edit]Further Information
[edit]Wikipedia
[edit]General
[edit]Africa
[edit]- Kongo Free State File:LeopoldII.png
- Portuguese Mozambique File:Salazar.png
- National Resistance Movement File:Cball-Uganda.pngFile:NRM-Uganda.png
Americas
[edit]- Alliance for Brazil
- Blackwater/Academi
- Brigade 2506 File:Batista.pngFile:CIA.png
- Escuadrones volantes File:Febres-Cordero.png
- McCarthyism File:McCarthy.png
- Lockheed Martin
- Murder, Inc. File:Klep.png
- National Force File:Cball-Chile.png
- Operation Condor File:OperationCondor.png
- Pinkerton® File:Pinkerton.png
- Porfiriato File:PorfirioDíaz.png
- United Fruit Company File:Corp.png
Asia
[edit]- Cambodian People's Party File:Cball-Cambodia.pngFile:Hun Sen.png
- East India Company File:Cball-British India.png
- Disneyland with the Death Penalty File:Cball-Singapore.pngFile:PAP(Singapore).png
- Đổi Mới File:Đổi Mới.png
- New Order File:Suharto.png
- Pro-Beijing camp File:Cball-HongKong.png File:HongKongPro-BeijingCamp.png
- SM Entertainment File:Corp.png File:Cball-South Korea.png
MENA
[edit]Europe
[edit]- Farmers' Assemblies File:Cball-Estonia.pngFile:Päts.png
- Frontex
- G4S
- Privatization in Russia File:Cball-Russia.pngFile:Yeltsin.png
- Spanish miracle File:OpusDei.png
- Volkswagen's history
Videos
[edit]- Wacky ideologies 17 Authoritarian Capitalism by Knights of alternate history
- How Rwanda is Becoming the Singapore of Africa by Wendover Productions
- Singapurism vs Libertarianism vs Socialism by Viva Chile
- How Singapore Got Insanely Rich by Casual Scholar
- Rwanda to become the next Singapore? by CaspianReport
References
[edit]- ↑ https://www.cpib.gov.sg/about-corruption/prevention-and-corruption/singapores-corruption-control-framework/
- ↑ https://www.jstor.org/stable/3487624
- ↑ Singapore: Economic Prosperity through Innovative Land Policy
- ↑ https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/LAA1966
- ↑ https://www.wiley.com/en-gb/Urban+Land+Rent%3A+Singapore+as+a+Property+State-p-9781118827673
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yew#Homosexuality
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Singapore
- ↑ Aliyev historically had mixed relations with Russia due to the latter’s security ties with rival Armenia, although Azeri-Russian relations have somewhat improved since the Velvet ‘Color’ Revolution in Armenia and that country subsequently falling out of favour with Russia.
- ↑ https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/10BAKU32_a.html
- ↑ Ayub was one of the signatories of the agreement to convene a convention for drafting a world constitution.
- ↑ https://www.nbcnews.com/nbc-out/out-news/peru-classifies-transgender-identities-mental-health-problems-new-law-rcna152936
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forced_sterilization_in_Peru
- ↑ Juárez continued the war against the Maya and Yaqui people
- ↑ Most of Juarez's forces during the Reform War and the French Intervention were liberal guerrillas known as "chinacos"
- ↑ https://africaelects.com/rwanda/
- ↑ https://rpfinkotanyi.rw/value/social-welfare/
- ↑ https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Generic-Documents/Remarks_by_President_Kagame_-_Meles_Zenawi_Symposium_-_21_08_2015.pdf
- ↑ Influenced by the Maoist NRA
- ↑ https://m.youtube.com/shorts/8L7K6sFddng
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1965%E2%80%931986)
- ↑ Not to be confused with the beliefs of the File:Rummy.png real Donald Rumsfeld.
- ↑ Around 1994, jihadists from Ayman al-Zawahiri's Egyptian Islamic Jihad attempted to regroup in Yemen following a harsh crackdown in Egypt. In this, they were tacitly supported by the regime of Ali Abdullah Saleh, as he found them useful in his fight against southern separatists in the civil war of 1994. After using Islamic militants to repress the separatists and keep the country under his rule, Saleh turned a blind eye to their activities, and allowed their sympathizers to work in his intelligence services.
- ↑ Ziaism exist as political term, while ideology of Ziaur Rahman doesnt
- ↑ Ziaism exist as political term, while ideology of Ziaur Rahman doesnt
- ↑ 1
- ↑ see: Vaccine Revolt
- ↑ When prime minister from 2012-2019, Kurdistan had several allegations of human rights abuses.
- ↑ Accusations in the emerald mines in Africa and Elon Musk's assertion that "You have no idea about how bad. Almost every crime you can possibly think of, he has done"
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ [2]
- ↑ [3]
- ↑ Hitler expressed opposition to capitalism, regarding it as having Jewish origins and accusing capitalism of holding nations ransom to the interests of a parasitic cosmopolitan rentier class.
- ↑ [4]
- ↑ Singapore: Freedom in the World 2024 Country Report
- ↑ www.jstor.org/stable/24870523
- ↑ Wikipedia Disneyland with Death Penalty
- ↑ w:Lee_Kuan_Yew
- ↑ [5]
- ↑ References
- ↑ See: 1 and 2
- ↑ https://www.bandwagon.asia/articles/red-velvet-performed-for-kim-jong-un-in-north-korea-and-their-fans-had-thoughts
