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"Yes, it is Europe, from the Atlantic to the Urals, it is Europe, it is the whole of Europe, that will decide the fate of the world."

European Federalism or Eurofederalism, sometimes called Europeanism, is a File:Pan-Nationalism.png Pan-Nationalist ideology focused on creation of a federal and usually democratic superstate, uniting File:Euronaticon.png European nations.

History

File:SPQR.png Ancient Rome File:Res Publica.png

The Roman Republic and Roman Empire had a significant influence on the Europeanist ideology. The Roman Empire was the only nation that to this day, at its peak in 117 AD controlled majority of European continent and was the first ever Pan-European state. Rome spread its laws, culture, philosophy and later Christianity throughout Europe, forming the foundation for Pan-European identity.

File:Charlemagne.png Charlemagne and the Holy Roman Empire File:Cball-Bourbonism.png

With the coronation of Charlemagne as the Emperor of Rome in the idea of a sole sovereign Emperor would re-emerge in the West. The idea of the Holy Roman Empire possessing a special sovereignty as a Universal Monarchy was respected by the surrounding powers and subject states, even when that Empire had undergone severe fragmentation.

File:Feud.png Otto's Universalism File:Cball-HRE.png

Ruling since 996 to 1002 AD Holy Roman Emperor Otto III dreamed of a united Europe, creating a concept of universal Holy Roman Empire that would consist of 4 lands: Germania, Italia, Galia and Sclavinia, effectively creating a Pan-European universal monarchy centered around the Holy Roman Emperor.

File:Unimon.png Renaissance and Dante Alighieri File:OttoVonHabsburg.png

Italian Poet Dante Alighieri saw the reality he lived in as decadent and in civilizational decay. He compared his homeland, Florence to Babylon and said it was ruled by the lazy, dumb and malicious. The solution for that problem in his opinion was his concept of universal European monarchy. In Dante's opinion an Emperor already possesses everything so he can't fall to greed or envy. Alighieri's Universal Empire was to become a state that would fulfill all needs of its subjects, both material welfare and spiritual salvation. The Emperor was to be the servant of his people's, of which the dominant one would be Italians as the inheritors of Rome.

Napoleon Bonaparte File:NapoleonI.png

Another influence on Eurofederalism was French Emperor, File:NapoleonI.png Napoleon Bonaparte. The conquests of the First French Empire were another attempt to unite all of the European continent under single authority. They also had a significant influence in spreading the ideas of constitutionalism, nationalism and republicanism to all European nations. According to Felix Markham, during a conversation on St. Helena, Napoleon Bonaparte himself remarked: "Europe thus divided into nationalities freely formed and free internally, peace between States would have become easier: the United States of Europe would become a possibility". However, one could argue that anti-Napoleon coalitions themselves were an example of pan-European cooperation against a common threat.

File:Panscan.png Pan-Europa Movement File:PanEuro.png

The Pan-Europa movement was created shortly after the publication of File:Coudenhove-Kalergi.png Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi's 1923 manifesto Paneuropa, which presented the idea of a unified European State. This movement, led by Coudenhove-Kalergi and subsequently by File:OttoVonHabsburg.png Otto von Habsburg, is the oldest European unification movement. His ideas influenced Aristide Briand, who gave a speech in favour of a European Union in the League of Nations on 8 September 1929, and in 1930, who wrote his "Memorandum on the Organization of a Regime of European Federal Union" for the Government of France.

After World War II

File:Cball-ECSC.png European Economic Community and File:RobertSchuman.png Schuman Plan

Created as the continuation of File:Cball-ECSC.png European Coal and Steel Community, spearheaded by French and German Christian Democrats, The European Economic Community was meant to bind European nations together economically, and bring their political and economic interests closer to prevent the possibility of another war between Europeans. While the EEC was far from anything resembling a federal state, it was something that Euro-federalists believed could in time evolve in a more integrated construct and someday a European Federation. One of EEC architects Jean Monnet believed that the EEC can be used as a tool for gradual centralization of political authority in Europe, justifying it with common economic interest it would gradually turn into a Federal European Republic.

File:BritFash.png Europe a Nation

Another Post-WW2 proponent of a united European state was a former File:OswaldMosley.png British Fascist leader Oswald Mosley. In his book The Alternative publicized in 1947, he argued that the traditional vision of nationalism that had been followed by the various shades of pre-war fascism had been too narrow in scope and that the post-war era required a new paradigm in which Europe would come together as a single state. Although Mosley rejected any notions for Federal Europe, instead calling for creation of a unitary European fascist republic, his idea of Europe a Nation was the first example of a far-right vision of united Europe.

File:Eurocom.png Eurocommunism File:EuroSovok.png

Eurocommunists were a revisionist communist movement, that said they had developed a theory and practice of social transformation more relevant for Western Europe. One of the founding fathers of the European Union, Altiero Spinelli was a prominent figure among the Eurocommunist movement. After the war, Spinelli, leading the European Federalist Movement, played an important role in the early episodes of European integration, criticising the small steps approach and the dominance of intergovernmentalism, feeling even that the chance to unite Europe had been missed as sovereign states were re-established without any common bond other than the functionalist OEEC and the largely symbolic Council of Europe. Even the European Coal and Steel Community was felt to be too sectoral. The EFM believed governments alone would never relinquish their national power without popular pressure. They advocated a European constituent assembly to draft a European Constitution.

Modern World

European Union

Just like with its predecessor, EEC, Eurofederalists see the modern EU as another stepping stone on the process of federalization. The debate between the future of EU is currently focused between 2 direction it may take. The decentralized "Europe of Nations" which is supported by people that would like to come back to more purely economic cooperation of EEC and "United States of Europe" which is supported by people that believe in Eurofederalism. One of the leading Eurofederalist organizations, other than the old European Federalist Movement, that works within the framework of the European Union is the Pan-European File:Neotech.png technoliberal party called File:Volt.png Volt Europa.

File:Identi.png Identitarians File:Identi2.png

While many identitarians generally dismiss the European Union as "corrupt" and "authoritarian". The Identitarian movement remains under the strong influence of ethnonationalism that prevents it from completely rejecting the Eurofederalist idea, the voices for a creation of Pan-European political body to protect European civilization from influences of Chinese and Americans are common among its members.

File:Spencer.png Richard B. Spencer

Richard B. Spencer is an alt-right commentator who is critical of "euroskepticism". Despite being an outspoken critic of the current European Union, he supports the idea of Pan-Europeanism, which is a view held by people in the identitarian movement.

File:ImperiumEU.png Imperium Evropa

File:Eurofash.png Eurofascists

Eurofascists are a group of Fascists who while they hate the current EU and Liberalism, believe that European Unity is the only way forward, since all other World Powers are hostile to the people of Europe too.

Arguments against European Federalism

Some critics pejoratively call a proposed European Federation File:Cball-USE.png the United States of Europe. This reflects their concern that, like America, a European Federation would be File:Intercult.png a melting pot where the distinct European nations and cultures are lost. Some critics believe that the European Union is not democratic enough and is File:Office.png too bureaucratic, and thus do not support it federalizing. Some critics believe that Europe federalizing would invite undesirable cultural diversity and unmanageable immigration.

Arguments for European Federalism

Some European Federalists believe that in the current File:Multipolarity.png multipolar world, there are too many threats to Europe for it to stand divided and that united it'd be harder for foreign adversaries to control and conquer. Some European Federalists believe that federalizing would bring Europe further File:Markets.png economic and File:Humane.png political prosperity.

How to Draw

File:Eurofed flag.svg
Flag of European Federalism

EuroFed's flag is essentially just an EU flag.

  1. Draw a ball and color it Navy Blue.
  2. Draw a circle of 12 golden stars.
  3. Add eyes.

And you are done!

Color NameHEXRGB
 Navy Blue#006AA7rgb(0, 106, 167)
 Gold#FFFF00rgb(255, 255, 0)


Relationships

Europhiles

Eurorealists

  • File:BritFash.png British Fascism - Why do you insist on unitarism? Only federal Europe is sustainable.
  • Multiculturalism - Everybody's welcome! As long as you don't do anything stupid that is. And remember, Europe > the world. Plus, united Europe already has multiple cultures, even without immigrants.
  • American Model - "Friends", depending on the president, although I like File:Demcr.png them a lot more. I wish I could choose my own security instead of relying on a few thousand voters from the Rust Belt every four years. Spending 2% on military is hard, also school shootings and no healthcare lol
  • File:Nordmodel.png Nordic Model - Based Scandinavians! Except for Norway and Iceland.
  • Agrarianism - THIRTY. EIGHT. PERCENT. You're too oversubsidized! Now get back to work or I'll turn your tractors into scrap!
  • Walter Hallstein - Our other less talked about founder.
  • Neoconservatism - NATO is good and all, but the EU army will be better, even though I don't want to spend 2% on the military. Not to mention I wanna become less dependent on the Yanks, now that the Orange bastard is back again.
  • File:Eurocom.png Eurocommunism - As much as I respect Altiero Spinelli, communism is not the way to go.
  • File:Syncpop.png Syncretic Populism - Many of you within the EU hate my guts, but some outside of it don't.
  • Left-Wing Populism - Unlike his File:Rpop-tinfoilhat.png other counterpart he is at least open to reform rather than outright leaving and usually supports immigrants but still annoying when it comes to economics and foreign policy.
  • Democratic Socialism - Mostly another annoying Eurosceptic, though some of his File:Dsa.png American supporters File:SDA.png seem to have a weird quasi-crush on me. Also, George Orwell apparently supported me.
  • File:Sep.png Separatism - A lot of annoying Eurosceptics here as well, but the File:UKSNP.png SNP and Plaid Cymru really like me, so that's cool.
  • File:Gaullismicon2.png Gaullism - I'm glad some of your modern variants are more supportive of me, but I still remember when De Gaulle vetoed Britain from joining the EEC.
  • Dengism - You are a good trading partner, but I can't look past your increasing authoritarianism. And please stop calling us american puppets.
  • File:TodorZhivkov.png Zhivkovism - You are a communist and an ethnic nationalist, but at least you were somewhat close to the west if compared with the rest of Eastern Europe. Yet I'm glad the flag of Europe has been used for your birthday celebrations since 2012!
  • Helvetic Model - Still waiting for him to stop being so stubborn and JOIN US ALREADY! But other than that we're good.
    • Nein, danke.
  • File:Kaczysmf.png Kaczysm - How's Putinflation going?
  • File:Ottoman.png Neo-Ottomanism - We had a good thing going for us at the start, but then you became increasingly more authoritarian, so I had to freeze your EU application. Not to mention that most of our members don't really like you that much.
    • File:Ottoman.png Pfft, umurumda değil. Never liked this "European family" bs anyway. Plus, the Balkans are of rightful Ottoman clay.
  • File:Putin.png Putinism (before 2022, and even now) - You sell me your cheap resources and I'll pretend not to see the human rights abuse, surely that won't backfire at all...

Eurosceptics

Further Information

File:Wikipedia.png Wikipedia

Online Communities

File:YouTube.png Videos

Notes

  1. ↑ Although the term "Pro-European" implies approval of the European Union, it is not inherently Pro-Eurointegration
  2. ↑ Chen has made multiple tweets in support of the EU as a "potential counterbalance to US hegemony".
  3. ↑ PIGS - a derogatory term used to describe struggling southern european economies during the European debt crisis. It used to include the File:Cball-Ireland.png Republic of Ireland. Basically, countries who refuse to File:Cball-Reich.png pay their debts.

Citations

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Kalergi Plan
  2. ↑ Professor Ludwig von Mises studied currency problems for Coudenhove-Kalergi's movement.
  3. ↑ He was an enthusiastic supporter of "fourteen points" made by Woodrow Wilson.
  4. ↑ Friedrich Merz plans to drastically cut immigration
  5. ↑ https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/03/18/germanys-parliament-passes-historic-package-boosting-defence-spending
  6. ↑ Merz urges independence from America
  7. ↑ https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/hu-woos-the-eu-chinas-enhanced-engagement-of-europe/
  8. ↑ [1]
  9. ↑ [2]

pl:Eurofederalizm

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